Wal Mart And The Costs And Benefits Of Its Takeover Of Asda

A multinational corporation (MNC) is an enterprise that operates assets in several countries. Wal-mart a U.S based company is a great example with 5,000 stores across 10 countries, accounting for 2% of U.S GDP in 2004. In 1999 Wal-Mart acquired Asda a U.K based company which had 229 stores. The following analysis I will conduct will critically analysis Wal-Mart and the likely costs and benefits of its takeover of Asda. 74 words What are the benefits of the takeover ? Wal-Mart acquired Asda as they already had great credentials than most supermarkets within the U.K, charting No2 within the retail market just underneath Tesco s, by already enhancing a low price strategy set in place much like Wal-Mart s (EDLP) scheme. Just below are†¦show more content†¦Walmart was the brainchild of introducing POS (point of sale) data, EDS Electronic data exchange and UPC universal product codes, right into real-time tracking of goods. They also developed RFID programmes ( radio frequency identification technologies) and cross docking to make sure that the items in warehouse stayed for a short amount of time. So it would make sense to improve on Asda s processes and systems. This again was making it hard for competitors to come into reach within the U.K and USA, with dominant players within the market. It definitely was the biggest and most complex system change programme in the history of British retail. (Ian leighton Asda CEO). 386 words Asda and Wal-mart both have gained a benefit, with increased jobs with using the new systems, opening up new department like George and increasing store size adding changing rooms, for instance, would require more employees, plus as above mention with profits gaining beyond the competitors it hard not to have any benefits. 52 words Who were these benefits for ? for example were the benefits for Asda, Walmart or both, the host economy or some other stakeholders What were the costs of the takeover? The food price deflation did not help within the U.K as they were 1-2% down and the annual growth of 2% was running behind the industry growth of 3%. Asda failed to meet the criteria that were given to them by Wal-martShow MoreRelatedWal Mart And Its Impact On The United States1503 Words   |  7 PagesIn just over half a century Wal-Mart’s global reach had gone from just one store all the way to 11,450 stores in 27 countries. This is one way of saying that Wal-Mart is a multinational company and that its globalisation is only limited by its host’s country. The current increase in globalisation has accelerated due to the rapid growth of multinational companies such as Wal-Mart. Multinational companies operate in more than one country outside of its originating country. Due to the vast sizes ofRead MoreThe History of Wal-Mart Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Anton. R. 2014 Asda-Wall-Mart essay Wal-Mart is a US-based multinational corporation. Critically discuss the costs and benefits likely to have occurred as a result of its takeover of ASDA, a UK-based company. Wal-Mart is a US based corporation established in 1962 by Sam Walton as one self-service store, in period of 40 years it has developed into one of the biggest and most influential corporations in the world, operating 5000 facilities in 15Read MoreBenefits And Costs That Have Occurred As A Result Of Asda Takeover1675 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Asda was formed by a group of farmers from Yorkshire in 1965. The firm was the third biggest supermarket in the UK before being acquired by Walmart, an American multinational, one of the largest retail chain and the biggest employer in the world. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walmart, accessed 20 June 2015). The aim of this assignment is to identify and examine the benefits and costs that have occurred as a result of Asda takeover. However, firstly it will be necessary to define theRead MoreEssay on Supermarket and Sam Walton1480 Words   |  6 PagesWal-Mart is a US-based multinational corporation. Critically discuss the likely costs and benefits of its takeover of Asda, a UK-based company. When a company decides that it is time for it to grow from a national into a multinational company (MNC) there are cost and benefits involved. A multinational corporation is a company that has productive assets, which they own and control in countries other than their own. An MNC is unlike an enterprise, which exports products and services, but the MNCRead MoreWall-Marts Take over of Asda1898 Words   |  8 PagesWal-Mart is a US-based multinational corporation. Critically discuss the likely costs and benefits of its takeover of Asda, a UK-based company Wal-Mart is the world’s largest retailer with over 8400 stores worldwide employing 2 million people. It serves more than 200 million people with global sales exceeding  £291 billion. (Basker, 2007) Wal-Mart is globally organised so that it can respond quickly to changing markets and cost conditions in its international locations. The UK is one of these locationsRead MoreWalmart Debacle of Germany2078 Words   |  9 PagesWal-Mart in Europe Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Wal-Mart Background 2 Wal-Mart’s Culture 2 Wal-Mart’s Strategy 3 Problems/Criticism faced by Wal-Mart 3 Wal-Mart in Germany 4 Key Issue: Wal-Mart’s Failure in Germany 4 Situation Analysis 5 Porter’s 5 Forces Model 5 Wal-Mart: Germany vs. Britain 6 Challenges in Germany 7 Evaluation of Alternatives 10 Recommendations 10 Executive Summary The world economy has undergone a drastic revolution in the last threeRead MoreAn Example Of A Private Sector Business1423 Words   |  6 Pagesof a private sector business would be ASDA. Asda Stores limited is an American owned, British founded supermarket retailer. The company has been a subsidiary of the American retail company Wal-Mart since July 1999, and is now the second-largest supermarket chain by market share (Corporate Watch 1996-2014).  Ã‚  The company provides normal goods for the public. They offer service to the public and strive for excellence business. I chose this example because ASDA is a large company that is aiming forRead MoreOnline Grocery Business10398 Words   |  42 Pagespaper uses the case of ASDA.com, ASDA’s home-shopping arm, to demonstrate the challenges in building and developing an online grocery business in the UK. To set the stage, the initial implementation and learning from phone/catalogue home-shopping in ASDA is outlined to demonstra te why e-commerce was seen as most economically suitable to conduct a grocery home-shopping business. Then the paper illustrates the development stages and critical aspects of ASDA.com’s Web shop. Particularly, it delineatesRead MoreCompetition and Business Unit Strategy: Walmart and Tesco2824 Words   |  11 PagesBusiness Unit Strategy: Wal-Mart and Tesco Competitive Strategy Wal-Mart, the worlds largest retailer incorporates two different strategies to ensure business success as well as higher profit margins. The firm uses both differentiation and cost leadership strategies. Wal-Marts slogan of Spend less, Live better is appropriate for the market given the large number of retailers and the availability of substitute goods. In line with this, the firm provides customers with low-cost items that beat competitorsRead MoreStrategic Management: A Case study of Walmart Inc2334 Words   |  10 PagesIndia. Wal-Mart, a US based retail industry, which is known as the giant in the retail industry has survived and is still the huge enterprise in the world which deals with almost all the FB products, apparels, etc. It is not only the largest company in world but also the largest company in the history of world.(Fishman, 2006) The present paper is divided into four sections to understand and answer as what makes Wal-Mart the best in the industry, 1) retailing indus try at the time of Wal-Mart s innings

Why was Elizabethan theatre so successful Essay - 822 Words

Why was Elizabethan theatre so successful? One of the reasons that Elizabethan theatre was so successful was that it was enjoyed by the Queen. Elizabeth never visited the theatre herself, but was known to have invited companies of actors to perform for her at court, as is shown by this extract from government records in 1572: To the Lord Chamberlains players at Whitehall, 25 February 1572, for a play presented by them before Her Majesty on St Stephens Day. She was a very important patron of the theatre, even allowing one company to call themselves The Queens men. This meant that people would think that the theatre was not a bad thing as the ruler appointed by God supported it, and therefore they could not be doing†¦show more content†¦An attraction to the theatre was its cheap entry cost, for groundlings it only cost 1 penny, this meant that it was accessible to even the poorest Elizabethans. The theatre cost different amounts depending of where you wanted to be, the yard where everyone all stood together cost 1 penny, to sit cost 2 pennies and for a wealthy person to sit comfortably in a place where they could be seen by most of the people in the theatre cost only 3 pennies. The cheapness of this attracted people of all classes, the poor to see the wealthy and to have a cheapish day out, and the wealthy to show themselves and their riches off in front of everyone at the theatre. The theatre was very successful because it held attractions for a wide variety of people. To the rich it offered a chance to show off their wealth and to make contacts. If you were a young, single man, going to the theatre dressed in your finest clothes could attract the attention of a young woman to you, and to criminals the theatre was an easy place to pick pockets and steal other desirable items from people in the crowd. To all the chance to buy fruit, nuts, wine and beer was also an attractive proposition. Another attraction to the theatre was the actors, these men had difficult jobs, they had to learn their lines and queues in the evening, rehearse the play in the morning and then perform it in the afternoon, before going home to learn their lines to a new play. The actors had toShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare as the Greatest Genius in British Literature1014 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature. While best known as a dramatist, Shakespeare was also a distinguished poet. Shakespeares extraordinary gifts for complex poetic imagery, mixed metaphor, and intelligent puns, along with insight into human nature are the characteristics that created the legend he is today. The following essay will address how Shakespeare contributed to modern playwright, the point in time when Shakespeare wrote some of his great plays, which was the Elizabethan era, and the beginning of his acting and playwrightRead More Shakespeares World Essay3144 Words   |  13 PagesNeither has any writer been so praised. As William Hazlitt observed, quot;The most striking peculiarity of Shakespeares mind was its generic quality, its power of communication with all other minds.quot; It is perhaps this quality that has earned Shakespeare the supreme accolade, that of lending his name to an era. Other than a monarch or an emperor, few can boast that a time or place is so exclusively theirs. As we talk about Napoleonic Europe or Victorian England, so we speak of ShakespeareanRead MoreCosmetology : Old Of The New1141 Words   |  5 PagesCosmetology, during these times, was utilized to beautify and to build self-esteem. It was also used to enhance the characters in theatrical events where men played the role as women. It was during these times, â€Å"the coloring dyes and facial makeup were made from berries, the bark of trees, minerals, insects, nuts, herbs, leaves and other materials that were used on the skin, hair, and nails making it more natural† (Hubpages) . Later, in the 1500s and 1600s, â€Å"theatre makeup use became more popular asRead MoreHamlet Character Analysis1502 Words   |  7 Pageswith his society, shows different views and actions to his fellow Danish men. Shakespeare could create a character whom through Hamlet’s life choices, his own historical and cultural context and the state of Hamlet being in confliction with the Elizabethan-era and Nihilism showed immense differen ces from his society, which Shakespeare strategically used in changing his own society, striving for a better world to live in. In the Middle Ages, and particularly in the context of Hamlet, society andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The West A Full Length Play1524 Words   |  7 Pagesfor many years, they have transformed through the years, getting better and better. A play would be considered as an event that is held at the theatre which means â€Å"seeing place†. Plays have a playwright who creates the play and then there are actors, or characters, who take the role of the people in the play to make it come alive for the audience. Theatres and plays come from ancient Greece. There are many different aspects of a play; the playwright, the genre of the play which tells you if it goingRead MoreThe War Of Anti Semitism2169 Words   |  9 Pagesthat wasn’t apparent in 16th century England or anywhere else in the western world for that matter. All were liable to open ridicule via the medium of theatre, be they king or pauper, man or woman, Moore or Jew as evidenced by the writing of the period. Ev erybody and everything - much to the delight of the paying public and the disdain of the censor - was fair game. The subject – Jew, Moore etc. - is irrelevant, as the subjects themselves are simply the masks upon which the foil of disdain is playedRead MoreThe Origins Of Drama And Theatre2001 Words   |  9 PagesSmyth Senior Project - Background Paper 1 28 June 2014 The Origins of Drama and Theatre Theatre is an art that transcends time and builds a new world for the audience atop the stage. A play is defined as â€Å"a dramatic composition† or â€Å"the stage representation of an action or story† (The Merriam-Webster Dictionary). This refers to drama being performed live by actors on a stage. Ancient Greece is accredited to inventing theatre and drama. In Greece during that time, at the height of popularity, were theRead More Corruption and Ambition in Macbeth Essay examples2125 Words   |  9 Pagestheatrical tradition, Shakespeare was a historically minded, backward-looking man, much interested in the memorials of a previous past, as by its chronicles and its folklore. Holinsheds Chronicles and the works of Plutarch provided much fodder for Shakespeares plots. But though the characters and facts were borrowed, it was Shakespeares treatment that brought historical figures alive. Elizabethan drama frequently focused on politics, and the audience was used to the tradition of orationRead MoreTragedy Will Never Be The Same3193 Words   |  13 Pagesslowly progressing with its postmodern thinking and statistically speaking, those people are thinking it is more and more acceptable. We might not think that what I just said has anything to do with Theatre, but we need to put in perspective why we now have the theatre we do now. Ancient Greek theatre was not as open to civil human rights as we are today. Non-citizens were third-class peoples and women did not play as large a role in society as to what they do now. Although women did not play as largeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The London Theatre Records ( Bloom )2308 Words   |  10 Pagesexistence and activities are unknown, but countless stories speculate that Shakespeare poached deer from the estate of Sir Thomas Lucy of Charlecote near Stratford and earned a living as a schoolmaster or a soldier until his name emerged in the London theatre records (Bloom). He spent most of his t ime in London as an actor before he became a playwright, performing many of his own plays, as well as other playwrights, and is credited with revolutionizing the theater. In 1596, Shakespeare applied for his

Workplace Bullying in Adulthood and in the Workplace Essay

Comparison Matrix Paper Introduction Today’s economy is changing, not only in this country, but around the world as well. People today are struggling to find steady employment, maintaining their employment and still having a difficult time to make ends-meet. Looking for a job, especially while unemployed and running low on money, has to be one of the most stressful times of a person’s life. However, there is another issue in regarding to today’s workforce. We can assume that most of us have experienced some type of bullying while in our younger years. Unfortunately, bullying exists in one’s adulthood as well, especially within the work environment. Additionally, workplace bullying is one of the biggest complaints from both employers and†¦show more content†¦In article two by Vie and Einarsen (2010) studied victims of workplace bullying and the target’s personalities, while looking at the relationships between exposures to negative acts and self-labeling bullying. In article t hree by Glaxo, Matthisen, Nielsen and Einarsen (2007) studied the differences in personalities between groups of bullied victims and non-bullied victims, while focusing on the terms of personality of the victims of workplace bullying. Of all of these studies, we will analyze and make comparisons of each specific section and make an overall conclusion about bullying within the workplace. A. Comparison of Research Questions posed for the studies: According to Hauge et al. (2009), â€Å"a growing body of research during the last couple of decades has shown a range of work-related factors to be related to exposure to workplace bullying, while considerably less attention has been devoted seeking to explain why perpetrators engage in bullying† (p. 349). With having limited empirical knowledge that exists on perpetrators of workplace bullying, they addressed this gap in workplace bullying research by investigating individual and situational factors that may encourage individuals to become perpetrators of bullying at work. Therefore, the authors asked what individual andShow MoreRelatedBullying And Bullying Among Youth1429 Words   |  6 PagesBullying has been around for many years, yet it was only in 2014 that an official federal definition of bullying was released for research purposes. The Department of Education and Centers for Disease Control released this definition when they researched and surveilled bullying among youth (Gladden, Vivolo-Kantor, Hamburger, Lumpkin, 2014). Although many people associate bullying with childhood settings, it is actually something that can be carried on throughout adulthood, especially in the workplaceRead MoreThe Lifetime Effects Of Bullying And Bullied808 Words   |  4 PagesTopic: The lifetime effects of bullying and being bullied General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To give a clear understanding of the various concepts and theories the effects of bullying and/or being bullied can have on people during their adult lifespan. Thesis Statement: In the peer-reviewed article Bullying and Being Bullied in Childhood Are Associated with Different Psychosocial Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health in Men, authors Karen A. Matthews, Richard J. Jennings, Laisze LeeRead MoreBullying : A Serious Problem1326 Words   |  6 Pagesissue of bullying may seem insignificant and petty, but the truth is we are conditioned to ignore it. The fear of being the next victim has caused many to lose sight of their moral compass when it comes to defending one another or standing up for what is right. Instead we cower and turn our attention to giving way to the biggest and loudest voice. Most people are prone to neglect the fact someone is being bullied, because once again they fear becoming the next victim. School bullying is a problemRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace On The Organization And Answer The Following Questions Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pageshurtful behavior. Almost everyone has succumbed to bullying in life, wheth er it was in the role as an innocent target, horrible aggressor, or tacit bystander. Thus, recently social media seems to express utter disdain with bullies terrifying innocuous classmates in schools, but many organizations overlook workplace bullying and underestimate its power since it is not a punishable offense. Consequently, almost 14 million American adults succumb to bullying daily, and millions more experience the mortifyingRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Bullying On The Organization And Answer The Following Questions Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pageshurtful behavior. Almost everyone has succumbed to bullying in life, whether it was in the role as an innocent target, horrible aggressor, or tacit bystander. Thus, recently social media seems to express utter disdain with bullies terrifying innocuous classmates in schools, but many organizations overlook workplace bullying and underestimate its power since it is not a punishable offense. Consequently, almost 14 million America n adults succumb to bullying daily, and millions more experience the mortifyingRead MoreComparison Matrix Paper 1010 Words   |  5 PagesNelson September 17, 2014 Comparison Matrix Paper Introduction This paper compares three studies on workplace bullying. The studies were conducted because workplace bullying is an epidemic that needs to be addressed and it needs to be understood to help future organizations prevent workplace bullying.   Article one† Individual and situational predictors of the workplace bullying: why do perpetrators engage in the harassment of others (Hauge, Skogstad Einarsen, 2009). Authors: Lars JohanRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On A Person s Life994 Words   |  4 Pages Bullying 101 Stenulson 4 interferes with a person’s life, is about power, not sex. The behavior can include being the target of sexual comments, homophobic insults, jokes, gestures, looks, or being touched in a sexual way. Cyberbullying usually takes place off of school grounds, or out of work. Cyberbullying utilizes all of modern gadgets of life;Read MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society883 Words   |  4 PagesCyber-bullying is the use of electronic communications to bully a person. Cyber-bullying takes place by using the Internet, cell phones, video game systems, and other technology. Cyber-bully sends or posts text or image that is intended to hurt feelings or embarrass another person in front of others. Bullying is an aggressive behavior which causes harm and stress to its victims and it escalates over time. Furthermore, everybody has mobile phones and they are using it all day long. There is certainlyRead MoreUse Of Factual Primary Sources For Bullying And What I Learned From It999 Words   |  4 Pages For many years bullying has seemed to become a norm for people from all backgrounds and lifestyles within society. The unique thing about bullying is that at times it may occur amongst people that are closest to the victims. Such as, family members, friends, co-workers, or from other known and sometimes unknown assailants. There is no definitive way to pinpoint what makes bullying occur or how it will affect an individual. Because everyone has different tolerance levels and may find alternateRead MoreEssay on LGBTQ Youth: The Endless Strife1362 Words   |  6 Pagesstands for individuals who know they are not heterosexual but cannot label themselves as one orientation (â€Å"Questioning†). Males and females suffer the unnecessary consequences of their choosing to reveal their sexuality. Ascension from juvenility to adulthood is obstacle-ridden for these individuals. One of the most significant obstacles is the rate of homelessness among LGBTQ individuals in their teenage years. Homelessness, as defined by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, is lacking a regular

Social Bond Theory And Its Impact On The Juvenile Justice...

1. Discuss Hirschi’s social bond theory and its impact on the juvenile justice system. In 1969, Travis Hirschi developed the Social Bond Theory. Like other social control theorists, Hirschi was interested in why the majority of society does not demonstrate delinquent behavior, as he believed most people had the natural capacity for such behavior. The social bond theory states that delinquent behavior in juveniles is not learned behavior, it is in fact a natural urge. However, the theory also states that there are social â€Å"bonds† which encourage socialization and conformity. The stronger these bonds for an individual, the less likely that individual will exhibit delinquent behavior. The four basic bonds are attachment, commitment, involvement and belief. Attachment is the most basic element of social bonds - it is the internalization of the norms and values of a society. More plainly speaking, attachment is the emotional bond an individual has to the society around them.The three basic forms of attachment are attachment to parents, peers and school. The strongs these attachments the less likely a juvenile is to engage in criminal activity. As Hirschi found, juveniles with strong attachments who are tempted to commit criminal behavior, will refrain from that behavior due to the negative consequences of that act. An juvenile with a strong emotional attachment to the people around them will not act upon criminal behavior that might harm those people or put their relationshipShow MoreRelatedFor All We Think We Know About Crime There Is Still Much1085 Words   |  5 Pagesin sociology that helps explain this idea is the knowledge of control theory. This theory helps uncover what processes or environments lead to a life of criminal acts w hile at the same time it allows for a chance to learn about our world from a social perspective. It will be important to investigate what in fact control theory is, how it applies to the world in a sociological manner and to explore the implication of the theory in real-time crime. As children, we learn to avoid things that will hurtRead MoreLabeling Offenders Within The Criminal Justice1551 Words   |  7 Pagescriminal justice is cleverly, labeling theory. Mentioned lightly above, was the premise behind labeling theory. This theoretical paradigm is predominantly interesting in exploring labeling of offenders, due to the fact that it both targets the offenders, as well as the individuals who are placing labels or stigmatizing the offenders in the first place based off the perceived deviant action. Labeling theory is truly prevalent, and is still occurring every day within the criminal justice system for aRead MoreTeens And The Contrivenation Program In The Juvenile Justice System1138 Words   |  5 Pagesto it. Diversion programs for juveniles should be separate from juveniles who need support to fix a drug addiction problem. Both the community based programs and the diversion programs would be better alternatives for juveniles who have the possibility of being waived to adult court. Community based programs help teach the juvenile the harm they have caused to other people, and diversion incorporates the idea of the community’s coming together to help the juvenile as well as implementing restitutionRead MoreThe Pattern Of Juvenile Delinquency Is Strain Theory1156 Words   |  5 Pages Another relevant theory in regards to the pattern of juvenile delinquency is Strain Theory. In 1938, Robert Merton developed the theory of Strain to describe how social structures within society may pressure citizens (low socioeconomic status) to commit crimes. Merton felt that too much pressure to achieve goals, such as financial well-being, led to behaviors such as selling drugs. Merton’s theory relates to juvenile delinquency in that adolescents might experience overwhelming stress or pressureRead MoreRelationship Between Police Intervention And Juvenile Delinquency1459 Words   |  6 PagesStephanie A. Wiley and Finn-Aage Esbensen’s article (2016) research the relationship between police intervention and juvenile delinquency and what polices are ideal for deterring deviance amplification. There are two main theories that initiate America’s juvenile justice system: labeling and deterrence. Essentially, labeling proponents believe that official intervention in creases delinquency and, oppositely, deterrence theorists argue that it cracks down on deviancy. Wiley et al. (2016:283) wantRead MoreCjus 230 Final Paper4022 Words   |  17 PagesThe Effects of Family Structure and Values on Juvenile Delinquency Christina M. Bracey 201240 Fall 2012 CJUS 230-B02 LUO Professor DeBoer Liberty University Online October 12, 2012 Abstract The changes in family values and structure in the United States has helped contribute to juvenile delinquency today. Society needs to recognize problems within the home before trying to find solutions to problems for todays at risk youth in America. Major structural changes inside of the home couldRead MoreThe Main Finding Is Thus That The Variable â€Å"Adoptee† Is1432 Words   |  6 Pagesto psychiatric contact. Now this study asks why step children would be more exposed to convictions and to psychiatric contract because the researchers tend to believe that when a single parent acquires a new partner, then this will have a positive impact on the child, but their findings show that it is not always the case (Laubjerg, 371). Adoption is not as common as the other types of family structures so issues are harder to address when it comes to this type of family. One type of adoption thatRead MoreThe MST and BSFT Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesdifficult juveniles, male and femal e, between the ages of 12 and 17 who tend to have extensive criminal arrest histories. The MST concentrates on numerous aspects contributing to a delinquent lifestyle, such as juveniles’ homes, families, schools, teachers, neighborhoods, and friends. The psychoanalysts go to a child’s home and work with parents in order to put them in control over their kids. MST research has recognized particular risk and protective factors for each category that impacts the lifeRead MoreSociological Theories and Gang Violence3259 Words   |  14 Pages SOCIALOGICAL THEORIES and GANG VIOLENCE Abstract The sociological analysis of gang membership explores the different types of effects that arise due to criminal involvement. Because of the social conflicts that are associated with gang membership, this paper will explore the different theories of social learning and both personal and control issues that relate to the recent surge in crime across Chicago. As we open the doors of a crime ridden society, the truth begins to unfold. It isn’tRead MoreSocial Control Theory And Social Control1675 Words   |  7 Pages Social control crime is one of the three sociological viewpoints of contemporary criminology. Sociologists believe that an abiding social rule is generated and maintained by relationships with people and institutions - family members, friends, schools and work. In short, crime and bad behavior can occur when personal and social relationships are flimsy or easy to break. As social security increases, the cost of individual’s crime also rises a lot. In the book of The New Jim Crow mentions that poor

Cigarette Tax Free Essays

Section 1: â€Å"Cigarette tax hike sparks panic buying† By Ashley Hall Updated Thu Apr 29, 2010 What is the main issue presented in the media report? Discuss what has actually happened: In the year of 2010, the Federal Government raised taxes on cigarettes by an extra 25 per cent, resulting in an increase price of $2. 16 to every pack of 30 cigarettes. A proclamation stated by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd on the crackdown on Internet advertising of cigarettes was mentioned. We will write a custom essay sample on Cigarette Tax or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mr. Rudd also affirmed ‘the government will spend $27. million on an anti-smoking campaign (Hall, 2010) This media report outlines the publics impulsive buying of cigarettes upon the government’s mention of the very rapid increase in taxes, thus resulting in an upward increase in price. It mentions the dismays retailers and tobacconists faced due to the tax hike. Further more, mentioning the concerns of philanthropists and other individuals. Highlight the reason for the issue being raised: This issue was one that arose quite soon after its announcement, as it impacted the country in its majority in numerous ways. The justification behind this issue was the government’s lack of planning. The release of the tax hike occurred only several hours before its prospected start of midnight that night, which ultimately left little or possibly even no time to adjust and prepare for the subsequent price increase. (Hall, 2010) Outline what possible impacts this change could have: The unexpected change posed many impacts on an abundant area of the population. The change impacted the consumers (smokers), the suppliers/producers, retailers/tobacconists, charity workers and the government. The sudden publication of the price increase would lead to a majority of smokers purchasing larger amounts of cigarettes than usual, in an attempt to purchase the product at a cheaper price rather than at its increased price. The retailers/tobacconists face the prospects of higher demands and physical impossibilities such as lack of stock and time to prepare. Although on the contrary as stated by the executive director of Quit Victoria â€Å"100,000 people will quit smoking as the result of the price increase and 250,000 children will not take up the habit†. (Hall, 2010) From another viewpoint, the rapid increase in tax had an immediate negative impact on the number of people seeking assistance. This is solely the case, as a widely held proportion of smokers come from low-income groups, â€Å"In fact, people from low-income groups are 13 times more likely to quit smoking in the face of a prime increase than those from higher income groups†. (Hall, 2010) Who are the key stakeholders that are impacted by the issue outlined in the report? The key groups that may be impacted by the issues raised in this report are ultimately the key stakeholders; i. e. he customers, suppliers, regulators and competitors. The customers (smokers) are faced with the increased price on packets of cigarettes. Which ultimately puts an excise burden on consumer’s income. The suppliers were faced with a rapid increase in demand in the hours before the implementation of the tax increase, and perpetual demand between the periods after the tax. This is due to the noti on that smokers are not willing to go cold turkey over night simply due to an increase of $2. 16, but ultimately the possible immediate decline in number of packets bought/sold in the event prior to the tax increase. Suppliers are also faced with the concern of consumers opting for substitute goods (This means a good’s demand is increased when the price of another good is increased) for example replacing cigarettes with chewing gum (even considering that cigarettes are inelastic). (McTaggart, 2010) Regulators, which in this case are the Government, are faced with constant scrutiny regarding their decisions and lack of planning. However, this tax hike increased an extra $5 billion over four years, which the Government would put towards its health and hospitals overhaul (Hall, 2010). So evidently, back into the economy. An increase in people seeking assistance will also place possible strains on charity workers, as people will continue to spend money on cigarettes rather than necessities. Competitors are also faced with a possible increase in demand, as the price of one good is increased, the demand of the substitute good is increased (McTaggart, 2010). Students and groups of people from low socioeconomic status will be directly affected the greatest. For those who come from high-income classes, their wages are generally increasing as the 25 per-cent increment is implemented, which ultimately does not substantially affect their income as a whole. However, students and people from low socioeconomic status groups are giving up necessities of life to feed their smoking addictions. What economic theories can be dawn from this media report? Opportunity cost: Graph 1: The theory of Opportunity cost (Graph 1): the amount of other products that must be sacrificed to obtain an extra unit of any product. The opportunity cost refers to the benefit forgone from the best alternative use of resources. (McTaggart, 2010) As the economy moves from point B towards point C, it must give up successively larger amounts of good B to obtain the same equal increment in good C (Layton, 2009). In relation to cigarette tax, people from lower income groups are giving up the necessities in order to feed their smoking addiction. Demand, Supply and Elasticity: Graph 2: The demand for cigarettes increased during the period of the government’s announcement and until midnight when the price increase was implemented: i. e. a change in consumer’s expectations about future prices brings forward an increase in consumption. (McTaggart, 2010) Graph 3: Change in demand is where the demand has shifted to the left hand side. Rise in price will see a greater quantity supplied (quantity will rise), shift in supply curve. McTaggart, 2010), (Layton, 2009). From midnight the equilibrium shifted to the left side along the demand curve by the price increase. As the result, as it was mentioned above, the quantities demanded decreased, due to the tax increase. Result in consumer and producer paying the burden of the tax increase. (McTaggart, 2010) Section 2: â€Å"Apple Shares hit as iPhone sales Fall Short† Sky News Oct 19, 2011 What is the main issue presented in the media report? Apple, one of the leading technological companies in the world has recorded revenues uncharacteristically short of expectations. Wall street analysts predicted iPhone sales during their fourth quarter earnings to be ’20 million sales’, with a short fall of ’17 million sold’. With overall revenues recorded at $28. 3 billion, substantially short of expectations (Sky News, 2011). Apple new chief executive ‘Tim Cook’ does not seem concerned about the recorded short fall of the company since the passing of Co-founder Steve Jobs. Recorded losses in revenue for Apple fourth quarter could be significantly the result of many factors (Sky News, 2011). The main contributing factor, being the short after release of the iPhone 4s. Due to the release of the iPhone 4s, consumers were withholding from purchasing older models of the iPhone, with the thought ‘I would rather wait a litter longer to purchase a new and updated version’. Ultimately the thought of consumers’ posses’ greater opportunity for Apple sales in the future but resulted in revenue falling short in their fourth quarter. The recorded revenue had a negative impact on the company. With the actual versus predicted sales of the iPhone falling short, Apple shared dropped 5% upon the announcement (Sky News, 2011). A drop in share price negatively affected the company, especially since a drop in share price has now only occurred since the passing of co-founder Steve Jobs. A drop in share price could result in consumers questioning whether they should continue to purchase Apple products, or if the drop in share price is a signaling factor that there is a higher demand for substitute goods. This could be the case as many other leading technological companies are constantly trying to innovate new and improve models of phones, laptops and tablets to keep up with Apples constant improvements. For example Samsung release of their new tablet caused large amounts of disputes between themselves and Apple, as Apple saw a large opportunity for threat to sales of their iPad. Although this is the case, the new iPhone 4s has sky rocketing sales of four million in its first three days on the market. As new chief executive ‘Tim Cook’ said: â€Å"customer response to iPhone 4s has been fantastic, we have momentum going into the holiday season, and we remain really enthusiastic about our product pipeline. † (Sky News, 2011). Who are the key stakeholders that are impacted by the issue outlined in the report? The key groups that may be impacted by the issues raised in this report are ultimately the key stakeholders; i. e. the customers, suppliers, shareholders and competitors. The customers are ultimately those who predict they continuing success of the company, without customer sales Apple would not exist. The hit of Apple shares could negatively impact consumer sales. A decline in the share price could signal a train of though in consumers mind that possibly there is a need for greater innovative or the threat of higher competitors in regards to Apple products. If consumers are being told that a company is recording predicted short falls in their expected revenue consumer might be apposed to their products, resulting in customers opting for substitute goods. (McTaggart, 2010) The suppliers in this report are in fact Apple and all other retailers that stock Apple products. The short fall of iPhone sales resulted in a decrease in revenue. Which ultimately lead to a decrease in the price of Apple shares. A decrease in share price could lead to a decline in possible sales, which results in a supplier surplus. Suppliers have a greater number of products to sell in relating to consumers who are interested in buying their product (McTaggart, 2010). In the event of the release of the iPhone 4s, suppliers are faced with higher consumer demand, which could result in a shortage of iPhone 4s in relation to consumer demands. Apples brand name and reputation is a very important asset to the company, with this issue being raised, it could have an impact on one of their largest assets. Shareholders, are those individuals or companies who have financially invested an interest in Apple, a decrease in share price negatively impacts shareholders. Decline in the share price by 5% results in a decrease in the value of shareholders wealth. The final group that is impacted by issues of a decline in Apples share price is competitors. This could have a positive impact to competitors. Negative public announcement over such a large and dominant company could result in a substantial amount of consumers opting to purchase products competitors offer, simply due to the decisions of other individuals. A consistent pattern in the public shows, that if a product is negatively represented in more than one way consumers will be very reluctant to purchase that product. Resulting in a positive advantage for competitor’s products. The group that would be impacted the most would be the suppliers. They are the key foundation of the company, without continued success the company could face greater hardships and decline in sales leading to a decline in revenue and share price as which occurred in the month of October 2011. What economic theories can be drawn from this media report? Supply and Demand: Graph 1: Demand curve during period of Apple reporting shortfall of sales and decreased revenue in recording during their fourth quarter. The graph above is a representation of changes in demand. Apple change in demand during this period is caused by consumer expectations, tastes and preferences. Where the soon to be released iPhone 4s resulted in the decrease of current iPhone sales. (McTaggart, 2010), (Layton, 2009). Graph 2: The Above graph is a representation of the supply and demand curve during the first release of the iPhone 4s. The supple curve remains constant (from period before and after the release of the iPhone 4s). Where significant changes occurred in relationship to the demand curve. The increase in demand which resulted in a right ward shift of the demand curve was a direct result of ‘taste or preferences of consumers’ a key determinant in the changes in demand (Layton, 2009). This was the case as consumers withheld from purchasing older models of the iPhone with anticipation of purchasing the newer and improved version of the iPhone (iPhone 4s). This resulted in Apple experiencing greater quantities demanded as stated in the article â€Å"iPhone 4s has sky rocketing sales of four million in its first three days on the market†. Change in demand results in change in new equilibrium (Sky News, 2011). References: McTaggart, D. , Findlay, C. , and Parkin, M. (2010), Economics, Sixth Edition, Addison-Wesley, Sydney Lecture Slides, Blackboard, University of Technology, Sydney, Insearch (2011), Economics for Business Unknown. 2011, ‘Apple shares hit as iPhone sales fall Short’, Sky News, YAHOO, viewed 4 November 2011, http://news. yahoo. com/apple-earnings-hit-drop-iphone-sales-220800212. html Layton, A. , T. Robinson and I. Tucker (2009), Economics for Today, Cengage Learning Australia, Australia: South Melbourne. Faculty of Business (2010), Guide to Writing Assignments (3rd ed. ), Faculty of Business, University of Technology, Sydney How to cite Cigarette Tax, Papers

Parents of teenagers are doing a good job free essay sample

A team led by Professor Frances Gardner from the Department of Social Policy and Social Work at the University of Oxford found no evidence of a general decline in parenting. Their findings show that differences in parenting according to family structure and income have narrowed over the last 25 years. However, the task of parenting is changing and could be getting increasingly stressful, particularly for some groups. Parents and teenagers are choosing to spend more quality time together than 25 years ago, with 70 percent of young people regularly spending time with their mothers in 2006 compared to 62 percent in 1986. For fathers, the figure had increased from 47 percent to 52 percent.This research follows a Nuffield-funded study in 2004, which identified an increase in both adolescent conduct and emotional problems over the last 25 years. Despite the rise, this latest study shows that today’s parents are more likely to know where their teenage children are and what they are doing than their 1980s equivalents. We will write a custom essay sample on Parents of teenagers are doing a good job or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The proportion asking what their children were doing has increased from 47 percent in 1986 to 66 percent in 2006. Differences in the monitoring of teenage children, according to family type and income, have narrowed. For example, in 1994, 14-15-year-olds from single-parent families were more likely to be out late without their parents knowing where compared with two parent families, but by 2005 this difference had disappeared.Professor Gardner said: ‘We found no evidence for declining standards of parenting overall, and this leads us to believe this factor does not generally explain the rise in problem behavior. ’ Parents of teenagers are increasingly likely to report symptoms of depression and anxiety themselves, particularly one-parent families and those on low incomes. For example, the proportion of parents from the most economically disadvantaged group who reported symptoms of depression and anxiety had increased by more than 50 percent between 1986 and 2006.The research highlights a different set of challenges for parents compared with 25 years ago. Young people now are reliant on their parents for longer, with higher proportions of 20-24-year-olds living with their parents. Many more remain in some kind of education or training into their late teens. In addition, the development of new technology, such as mobile phones and the Internet, has created new monitoring challenges for parents.Today’s parents have had to develop skills that are significantly different and arguably more complex than 25 years ago, and this could be increasing the stress involved in parenting,â€⠄¢ Professor Gardner said. The research, commissioned by the Nuffield Foundation for a briefing paper, Time trends in parenting and outcomes for young people, was authored by Dr. Ann Hagell, Head of the Nuffield Foundation’s Changing Adolescence Programme.The research team reviewed published evidence and analyzed two sets of UK nationally representative data. The first was the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), with annual data on parenting reported by teenagers and their parents from 1994 onwards. The second data source comes from a related Nuffield-funded project, led by Dr. Stephan Collishaw, to study causes of trends in youth mental health.

harley davidson inc Essay Example For Students

harley davidson inc Essay HARLEY DAVIDSON INC. MOTORCYCLE INDUSTRYINTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this report is to develop a strategic corporate objective for HarleyDavidson Inc., a publicly traded, employee owned manufacturer of heavyweight motorcycles, recreational and commercial vehicles, military defense items, and small engines, distributing its products to domestic and international markets targeting all men and women of all ages. INDUSTRY AND COMPETITIVE MARKETThe industry under study is the motorcycle industry consisting of five major manufacturers: one American (Harley Davidson), and four Japanese (Honda, Yamaha, Kawasaki, Suzuki) and some European companies (mainly BMW of Germany and some other Italian companies). Most companies market their motorcycles and accessories on a worldwide basis, handling international trade through foreign distributors and domestic sales through franchised outlets. Industry sales of motorcycles were shrinking in the early l990s because of the recession and the competition from computers and electronic products decreasing consumers discretionary income. Sales of accessories and parts make up 36% of total retail sales and is a viable area for producers to explore because people want something to differentiate their bikes. Previously, motorcycles were viewed as a cheap means of transportation. By 1992, they came to be viewed as a recreational, or a luxury item. This new perception of motorcycles led to the introduction of more expensive models with higher prices. This led to the introduction of consumer financing, one of the fastest growing service areas in the motorcycle industry. MISSIONHarleys strategic objective is to continue to provide safe, high technology heavyweight bikes and keep customer satisfaction at high levels. This quality vision more than doubled Harleys market share and increased its brand loyalty. EXTERNAL PLANNING PREMISESCUSTOMERSThey can be divided into 2 categoriesmen and women. Men.A. Men under 30. This group accounts for 44% of all sales. Therefore, a great opportunity exists here because of the groups size. This groups members buy motorcycles for their transportation and recreation needs. Men in this group buy more of mopeds, scooters and entry level lightweight road bikes. B. Men between 30 and 50. This age group makes up 45k of buyers another large area providing opportunities for firms. The motorcycles most frequently purchased are the heavyweight tourers and cruisers. Many buyers are married couples looking for an alternative to taking the car out for weekend drives to the country. C. Men over 50. This group accounts for about 11% of motorcycle sales. The heavyweight touring class and the middleweight road bike categories account for most of the sales here. Women. This group is a segment that is growing at a fast rate, thereby representing an opportunity area. Firms to be successful here are to provide smaller, easier to handle, comfortable, and good quality bikes to build up brand loyalty. PRODUCTSThree types of products/services are being offeredmotorcycles, accessories, and financing services, all related to the sale of the main product motorcycles. Motorcycles: It includes mopeds or scooters (with engines under 125cc which are used as an alternative to walking), accounting for about 17% of total motorcycle sales; lightweight motorcyclesroad bikes, dirt bikes, dual purpose bikes (with engines ranging from 125cc to 499cc), accounting for 51% of sales; sport motorcyclesstreet bikes, and superbikes (with engines ranging from 450 to 749cc) accounting for 13% of sales; heavyweight motorcycles cruisers, tourers (ranging from 750cc to 1500cc) accounting for 19% of sales. Accessories: Aftermarket accessories, such as saddle bags, higher windshields, customized seats, and clothing items are produced or contracted to be produced by all leading manufacturers. Since these items realize high profits and strengthen customer relations and customer loyalty, this area is providing an opportunity for companies. To succeed here, firms provide a wide product line, of stylish items, and aggressively advertise/market them. Financing Services: As prices of motorcycles increased well above the reach of many motorcycle enthusiasts, manufacturers begun to set up consumer credit arrangements falling into 3 categories consumer, dealer, and corporate financing. Financing services are vital for success in the industry and firms unable to provide them will lose market share. To succeed here, firms are to provide a wide variety of flexible (in terms of maturity and payment arrangements) plans. MARKETSAlthough motorcycles are sold internationally, 3 main geographic markets comprise the bulk of motorcycle salesNorth America, Asia, and Europe. The largest is the North American Market (USA and Canada account for about 60% of this market) accounting for 60% of worldwide motorcycle sales. With the baby generation aging, opportunities exist for the penetration of new markets. The Japanese marketaccounting for a great chunk of the Asian Marketis an untapped one for foreign manufacturers. Government regulations and trade policies make it difficult for foreign manufacturers to enter though. Most Asians consider motorcycles as a basic means of transportation. Major target areas include China, Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. The European Market is another market with great potentials since Europeans have a higher disposable income and enjoy a higher standard of living. Eastern Europe is not offering a good deal mainly because of its unstable political and economic environment. To succeed in these markets, firms are to modify products to meet local needs, provide after sales service, expand distribution networks, create strong customerCOMPETITIONCompetition in the motorcycle industry consists of only a handful of producers worldwide. The Japanese producersHonda, Yamaha, Kawasaki, and Suzukiare producing a full line of motorcycles ranging from scooters to heavyweights, and together control the largest share of the market. Their wide product line though has also created some customer complaints to them (especially true for Honda and Kawasaki) for low quality service. This significantly decreased their market shares. Japanese companies success began with copying other products, but evolved to depend on innovative designs and technology. Harley Davidson is producing heavyweight motorcycles emphasizing good quality product and after sales service, thereby building up brand loyalty. Leonardo Da Vinci EssayAlternative 3, which is the one that I recommend, capitalizes on Harleys strengths. The company is to produce only heavyweight motorcycles, thereby focusing its RD on producing safe, good quality products. The company is to guarantee a high resale value and provide good after sales service. Also its decision to stay with FMCO financing gives the company an additional financial advantage to be used in targeting specific marketing niches. Customers under 30 years of age are to be provided with safe, stylish, high quality products at reasonable prices, thereby increasing brand loyalty. Safety issues are not being focused by the Japanese and that gives Harley a competitive edge here though they can provide their products at lower prices. Customers from 30 to 50 years of age are to be provided with high performance, safe products, building up Harleys brand loyalty that is considered the strongest, especially in the domestic market. Customers over 50 years of age a re to be provided with comfortable, easy to handle bikes to increase their convenience. Foreign bikes are lacking this key and are expected to be outperformed by Harley. Harleys line of accessories (more emphasis on clothing) is to be expanded by providing a wider product line. That by itself would advertise its products and increase brand loyalty. Its plan to focus on the domestic market with 60% emphasis and on the foreign market with 40% emphasis is both good and bad. It is good in the sense that international demand for Harley products is increasing and that would increase the companys revenues since it will expand its distribution network, provide after sales service, and appear there with an already established brand loyalty. It is bad though to expand with 40% emphasis in the foreign markets because Harley is not strong in meeting consumer demand that is expected to grow even more and dissatisfy both domestic and foreign customers. Surely, Harley can solve this problem by get ting loans, thereby expanding its plant capacity and meeting this increased demand. The future cash flows that will arise due to increased sales will be used to repay these loans and maintain the companys good credit rating. SWOT ANALYSISHarleys high RD accounts for innovative designs providing Harley with unique product designs that set Harley apart from its competition. In order to achieve that, Harley is to increase its RD to improve product designs, quality, and safety. It is also to offer a guaranteed resale value (that most Japanese firms are lacking), offer a high quality after sales service and, therefore, build up its brand loyalty. Harley also, provides a wide variety of stylish accessory products and aggressively market them. Harley due to its lack of capital, avoided forming its own subsidiary providing financing servicessomething that Honda and Kawasaki have already done, and that is a wickeness for the company. That lack of capital also makes the company unable of producing the amount of products needed. There are some oportunities for the company, For example the expansion of its markets o Asia and Europe. In addition, of having its own financial services is a profitable expansion. Some of the threats are the tarrifs that might exist in other markets, and the immitation of Harleys products from other competitors. STRATEGIESThe strategies that the company might use have to do withe expansion to other markets like Asia, or Europe in order to increase sales and market share. In addition the creation of its own financial services could bring more profit. Harley should give a lot more emphasis to the male customers and also increase the emphasis on the foreign market close to 40%.IMPLEMENTATION ISSUESSome of the problems that the previous strategies may face depend on the lack of capital. Of course a loan could be beneficial since the returns from the sales would be enough to pay back the loan. In addition, exports in Europe are not that easy since the products are going to be taxed more, since they come from a country outside the Europian community. In the future a subsidiary in one of the European community countries would relax the tarrifs. TOWARDS THE FUTURETowards the future the company is expected to do very well and increase its market share. The management objectives is expected to be the same as the current ones. Therefore the company is expected to manufactore only heavyweight motorcycles, but with the use of some loans will be able also to icrease sales in Asia and Europe. I ) DECISION CHARTKind of DecisionsAlternative 1Alternative 2Alternative 3Product Kind*Lightweight, sport,*Sport and heavyweight *Heavyweight motorcyclesand heavyweight motorcycles. only. motorcycles.*Expand the line of acces- *Expand the line of accesso-*Stay with current sories to include more ries giving increasing em-line of accessories items. phasis on clothing. *Financing Services*Financing services through*Financing services throughthrough FMCO a wholly-owned subsidiary. FMCO. Consumers*Target all customers*Concentrate on males*95% emphasis on male cus-from young to old. (90% emphasis) tomers and 5% emphasis on*10% emphasis on females females. Ownership*Keep as is*Keep as is*Keep as isMarkets*70% emphasis on*Equal emphasis on the *60% emphasis on the dome- the domestic anddomestic and foreign stic and 40% emphasis on30% on the foreign markets. the foreign market. markets. Management*Keep as is*Keep as is*Keep as isCategory: Law