What Is Art Essay - 1198 Words

Throughout the art community, there are many different forms and techniques classed as art. In the recent attack on the Queensland Art Gallery (QAG), many of the public hastily judged the abstract art exhibition by stating ‘Abstract art is not really art’. Some of the reluctant public continue to say ‘Abstract painters are sloppy, reckless, renegades with no regard for rules for formalities.’ It is in my opinion that abstract art is can be classed as art because it incorporates the basic concepts and techniques of art. Abstract art, on dictionary.com, can be defined as a trend in painting and sculpture in the twentieth century. Abstract art seeks to separate from traditional representation of physical objects. Abstract art explores the†¦show more content†¦Pollock’s artwork, which can only be described as abstract, requires feeling more than thought. As Pollock said, â€Å"It doesnt matter how the paint is put on, as long as something is sai d†. Involved in a car accident, Pollock died in August 11, 1956 at the young age of 44 years old. ‘Blue Poles: Number 11’ (appendix 1) is considered to be Pollock’s most important abstract painting. Currently owned by the National Gallery of Australia in Canberra, ‘Blue Poles’ is estimated to be worth a staggering AU $180 million. Original bought for $1.8 million, â€Å"Blue Poles† is now one of the most popular exhibits in the gallery. At the dimensions of 210 cm Ãâ€" 486.8 cm (83 in Ãâ€" 192 in), ‘Blue Poles’ is constructed by oil on canvas. Pollock mainly completes most of his artworks while the canvas was stretched out on the floor. On the floor I am more at ease, Pollock wrote in 1947, I feel nearer, more a part of the painting, since this way I can walk around it, work from the four sides and literally be in the painting. The canvas is Belgian linen with a commercially oil-primed ground. The earliest visible layer of paint is black, thinning at the edges to resemble a green. Pollock uses his footprints in the dark green and black of the first layer of paint. A footprint is visible in the top right corner of the canvas. Fragments of glass are embedded in layers of paintShow MoreRelatedLeo Tolstoy s What Is Art?992 Words   |  4 PagesLeo Tolstoy’s What is Art? (1896) is a written work about his ideas concerning the nature of art. Tolstoy’s book concerns how art can express ideas of how to act right and what it’s purpose is. According to Tolstoy art is the intentional communication of an emotion from the artist to the audience where the hope is that the audience feels the emotion felt by the artist. This definition of art varies from other philosophies. Tolstoy believes that this type of communication is inevitable, that it isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Other Hand 1418 Words   |  6 Pagesbeauty we perceive through art can change or support a pre-conceived idea. On the other hand, Elaine Scarry’s view resides in the fact that our view of beauty promotes the spirit of justice. Art is not so much the focus, rather beauty is the driving force of these two essays. There is an educational aspect to beauty that implies improvement within an individual or society and is promoted through both essays. Leo Tolstoy’s â€Å"What is Art† rejects any definition of art based on the conceptionRead MoreMy Own Definition Of Art1124 Words   |  5 Pagesnumerous forms of art over many decades and continue to analyze what art is and how the aesthetics of it affect viewers. Audiences have gathered to â€Å"ooh† and â€Å"ahh† at art galleries, musicals, play and ballet performances, and concerts. In fact people even travel long distances to view world-renowned tourist sites, such as the Sistine Chapel. There are billions of creations and events that are considered art whether that art is valued by a large audience or the artist alone. Either way, art has become aRead MoreThe majority of modern pornography is not art, and by using a selective definition of Leo Tolstoy’s1800 Words   |  8 Pagesmodern pornography is not art, and by using a selective definition of Leo Tolstoy’s version of art, and John Dewey’s theory of art as experience, we can determine that pornography is nothing more than shallow entertainment that exacerbates social inequalities of society’s gender roles. Despite this, pornography has the potential to become art, and should therefore not be censored. It is important to define pornography, as well as Tolstoy and Dewey’s definitions of art, in order to set the groundworkRead MoreWhat Is Art? Art996 Words   |  4 Pages What is art? Art is a difficult word to describe, because it means something a tad bit different to everyone you encounter. The official definition of art according to the Oxford Dictionary is â€Å"the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power.† The only problem with this definition is that it is very open ended, creativity and imaginationRead MoreWhat is Art?1478 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is art? How can one define simply, a subject so broad, so complex, and as subjective as artistic expression? Leo Tolstoy postulates, â€Å"Art is architecture, sculpture, painting, music, poetry in all its forms†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Tolstoy 15) I believe th at although Tolstoy, may never have imagined it in his original definition, video games may certainly fit as a viable mode of artistic expression; I believe videogames are art. According to Tolstoy, architecture is a perfectly respectable medium for artisticRead MoreWhat Makes Art Art Essay596 Words   |  3 Pages  Ã‚  Art 1030: Art Appreciation Instructor: Steve Bishop Essay One Josalyn Cook 1/26/2011 What Makes Art Art? Art is an object or piece of work that brings one pleasure. Art is also something you see or feel and you cannot even begin to describe the ways you like it or how it makes you feel. Art is something that portrays beauty and happiness. Art lets you see the world through another person’s perspective. Most art seems to tell a story about where a person has been and theRead MoreWhat is Art Integrating?984 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Art Integration? First, let us begin by defining what exactly art integration is. According to the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, art integration can be defined as â€Å"an approach to teaching in which students construct and demonstrate understanding through an art form. Students engage in a creative process which connects an art form and another subject area and meets evolving objectives in both† (Silverstein Layne, 2010). With this definition, we know that art integrationRead MoreWhat Is The Art Of Rhetoric?817 Words   |  4 PagesCarpenter What is the Art of Rhetoric? The art of rhetoric is the process used to persuade an audience to the speaker’s point of view. The Art of Rhetoric is found in many places: magazine, advertisements, documentaries, politicians’ speeches, comercials, and whenever a teanager is trying to get out of trouble. The art of Rhetoric is made up of Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. First, Ethos is the credibility of the speaker. The audience needs to know why they should trust what the speaker is saying.Read MoreWhat Is Modern Art? Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesDaniel Spaulding Midterm Essay What is Modern Art? Modern Art was created roughly during the 1800s to the 1900s. Before this period, art depicted religious or mythological scenes that told stories and guided the audience through art. â€Å"Modern Art denotes the style and philosophy of the art produced during that era.†(Arnason) This time was usually connected with art that threw the old traditions aside in a spirit of experimentation. This doesn’t mean that modern art pieces don’t have a story or a

Nigeria And South Africa The Legacy Of The British

Nigeria and South Africa-The Legacy of the British Nigeria and South Africa are two of the largest countries in Africa. These countries are very diverse with rich in cultures and and strong resources that would make any country great. However, these countries apparent strengths are what is dooming these nations. Nigeria’s rich and diverse culture is cause much tension between different regions in the nation as there is dispute over which culture has the right to the country’s resources. While most of the money coming from the south, and the power and military strength is based in the north, the tension between the two worlds continues to collide and cause constant uproars. Leaders of the nation are corrupt and are stealing the revenue made from oil and other exports. South Africa is in a similar situation as the legacy of white lead settler rule is causing much tension between the white and the black today. Whites control much of the businesses and productivity in the c ountry while the black South Africans work for the whites. This causes much tensions between to two groups as there is little room for class mobility. Corruption is also apparent here as the South African government is often bought by the rich and steals much of the profit from the resources which depletes funds that are supposed to be used for the population. This is what Stephen Chan and John Campbell say that sustainable economic growth has eluded the two countries and will continue to hinder economicShow MoreRelatedNigeri The Western Coast Of Africa1151 Words   |  5 PagesNigeria is located on the western coast of Africa, surrounded by Benin, Cameroon, and Niger. This country is known to have one of the largest populations among the African countries. Falola (3) says that not only it has large population, but also its land size is a little bigger than the size of the U.S. state of Texas. Nigeria has about 170 million residences which is about half of current population in Uni ted States. In other words, Nigeria has a very dense population regarding its size of landRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Imperialism in Nigeria (its possible to go into more detail, but my pages were limited to this many)1570 Words   |  7 PagesNigeria is a country with abundant resources and the potential to be a very powerful nation, but it is hampered by many problems. These problems are caused by NigeriaÂ’s colonization by England. Because of this intrusion on their way of life, their future was altered dramatically. The nation of Nigeria as a whole has suffered greatly as a country because of this colonization, its problem is rooted in the way it was colonized and ruled. The background of the situation is essential to understand itsRead MoreCivil Wars And The Colonial Era1634 Words   |  7 Pagesthat has taken place. These new independent countries were left to unify their people of different backgrounds, create a strong government and economy, and leave the post-colonial legacy behind. Nigeria would soon become a prime example of the issues with arbitrary borders and the long term effects they can create. Nigeria would gain its independence in 1960 and would become a Federal Republic with three regions. This federalist republic would bring out regional rivalries and fears amongst the peopleRead MoreThe Reasons Why South Africa Is Successful2853 Words   |  12 PagesSouth Africa (SA) stands out among the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa in terms of levels of development and the degrees of democracy. It is now regarded as the emerging middle power in the African continent. I argue that South Africa’s place in the economic world also has different implications to different populations in this nation state. Nigeria on the other hand, has failed to sustain democracy and economic development. In this paper, I am going to critically analyze the reasons why South AfricaRead MoreThe Effects of Petroleum Business on Nigeria1562 Words   |  7 PagesThe largest petroleum- producing nation in Africa is Nigeria. The petroleum company is the main contributing factor of the GDP in the West African nation, which is also the continents, most noticeable and populous reserves. Since Nigeria was under British control it has suffered socio-economic and political adversities for decades. Corrupt domestic militias and complicity of multinational corporations have rid the nation of its natural resources. The same corporations that are ridding the land andRead MoreAbstract. The Research Examines The Social, Economic And1704 Words   |  7 Pagesof colonialism in West Africa. A critical view of the activities carried in the study to explain the social, economic and political effect of colonialism, and a qualitative of the growth rate of the West Africa countries were examined. The study therefore concludes that colonialism greatly had an impact in the growth of the countries in the selected West Africa countries. 1.0 Introduction Our research study will focus more on the effect of colonialism in Western part Africa by examining the socialRead MoreA Great Tree Has Fallen: Words of Chinua Achebe Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesTruth of Fiction† in Hopes and Impediments: Selected Essays 1988 In the mid 20th century Africa was once more starting to find its own voice, having been gagged by centuries of colonial oppression. For all that time the story of Africa had been told by Europeans, and the narrative they presented was a shoddy one. The black man; if in fact a brother was certainly at most a junior sibling. As such, when Africa did eventually open its own mouth to speak, the rest the world were expecting little moreRead MoreBerlin Conference of 1884: Scramble and Partition of Africa818 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Scramble and partition of Africa The expansion that was fueled by capitalist industrialism as well as nationalism subjugated land to be under European control, in nineteenth century. British Empire alone during this period was made up of more than a quarter of the worlds land mass and people. Europe in addition to its colonial possessions by 1914 occupied over 80 percent of the globe. This conquest of Africa somehow revealed a good example to what is termed as new imperialism. The confusionRead MoreAfrican Colonialism During Post Colonial Colonialism2100 Words   |  9 PagesIt is evident that European colonialism had deeply affected the political system within post-colonial Africa. One of the main leading legacies of colonialism that hindered the development of post-colonial African states would be the ethnic division and the state conflicts resulting from ethnic rivalry after independence . Scholars would argue the weakness within African politics would be due to creation of forty new states brought about by the European colonial powers in the Berlin Conference ofRead MoreA Time Of Colonization Of The African Continent By European Power1537 Words   |  7 PagesA time of expeditious colonization of the African continent by European power is better known as ‘the scramble for Africa’. The European nations involved in the scramble were Germany, France, Britain, Belgium, Portugal, and Italy. The economic, social, and military evolution Europe was going through at the time allowed for this to happen. In 1870, only 10 percent of Africa was under European control. However, over time European rivalries intensified which caused a mad scramble to rule as much of

Marketing Communications - Planning and Consumer Behaviour

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Communications, Planning and Consumer Behaviour. Answer: Introduction The aim of the report is to throw light on the importance and understanding of marketing communications, marketing planning and consumer behaviour for organisations for planning an effective marketing campaign. For the purpose of this report, Proctor and Gamble has been selected that is planning to launch a new range of moisturizers for their customers in international market. The report provides a background to consumer behaviour of Proctor and Gamble market along with the psychological and environmental variables that can influence them. Further, it highlights the role of advertising and promotion in marketing. The next task outlines an integrated marketing plan for launch of new product. Finally, the report discusses the role of ATL and BTL advertising and their significance. Customer behaviour can be defined as study of individuals and the factors that influence their decision to purchase any product, service or experience to fulfil their needs. Studying customer behaviour assists managers in better decision-making in terms of pricing, marketing, market offerings and others (East, et al., 2016). Proctor and Gamble is a global leader in FMCG sector that provides quality and value to its customers in all product categories in which it operates viz. grooming, health care, beauty, home care and family care. As the market offering is large, the company targets customers of all age groups that belong to all types of socio-economic classes. Even though the demand elasticity of PGs products is low, its consumers are price-sensitive and easily switch between products due to availability of alternatives (Morgan, 2015). Role of Advertising and Promotion in Marketing In the modern world, where competition is intense and consumers have large choices, organisations have to master the art of effective communication to create awareness regarding their brand, products and services among the target audience. In this process, the role of advertising and promotion is critical to increase selling prospects. The overall process of marketing includes many aspects that are discussed as follows: The basis of every marketing activity is the communication that is required to deliver the message between marketers and consumers. Marketing communications represents all components of marketing mix that help to influence the target consumers by targeting and positioning the brand as distinct from its competitors and communicating the brands unique features. Its components include advertising, direct marketing, sales and promotion, public relations and personal selling (Chitty et al., 2011). Organisations can choose traditional or interactionist communication model to send across their message. While traditional model includes mechanical information transfer from producer to consumer before a sale is made, interactionist model focuses in meaning of interaction where senders and receivers are regularly exchanging information (Solomon et al, 2017). Once the marketers choose the communication model, the next step is to implement it. This entails decisions on components to integrate, target market identification, media selection, and message delivery within the budget. This further decides the effectiveness of communication process and consumer decision-making. The basic model of consumer decision-making process identifies five steps that every consumer goes through before making a purchase decision. These include problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision and post-purchase evaluation. The purchase decisions and behaviour of customers are influenced by multiple factors that exist internal and external to the environment. The internal factors are psychological factors that include motivation, perception, learning and customer attitude towards brand and its product. The external factors include culture, family, reference groups and socio-economic status of the buyer (Newman and Cullen, 2002). Thus, keeping in view these influencers, marketers have integrated all the components of marketing communications under one roof to ensure a consistent brand message delivery at all possible touchpoints. This not only enables them to influence their behaviour and build profitable relationship, but also allows them to make greater impact on customers brand knowledge and benefit from synergy (Chitty et al, 2011). However, while undertaking promotional activities, the marketers have to be mindful of the rules, regulations and legal constraints imposed by governmental bodies. While undertaking marketing and promotion activities, organisations are restricted under laws like Supply of Goods and Service Act, Sales of Goods Act, Consumer Protection From Unfair Trading Regulations and similar others. These acts prohibit marketers to provide offensive, misleading information or undertake malpractices to sell their product. This not only aims to protect customer interest from greedy marketers but also checks the marketing malpractices and ensures that only quality products are sold (Belch and Belch, 2014). Moreover, organisations also practice self-regulation to ensure that their message deliver is consistent with the firms image and legal problems can be avoided. Role of Advertising and Branding The ultimate objective of promotion mix is to create and spread information about product and services among prospective buyers. The role of advertising and branding are critical elements that contribute in the success of marketing activity. While advertising can be understood as the part that includes creating and spreading the message regarding product features, benefits and value for customers, branding is the label that describes the companys product/service. Branding also helps in establishing identify of product, differentiate one product from other companys product and reassure buyers regarding product/service quality and performance (Blakeman, 2013). Thus, while a brand helps to create expectation with regards to product reliability, quality, performance and significance, advertising communicates the same to the target market. The technology and internet boom combined with increasing competition and a need to create unique customer experience is changing the way contemporary organisations are carrying out their marketing communications. As a result, the steep decline in the use of traditional marketing media and increase in mass media costs has pushed marketers to look for other marketing tools. With increase in digitalization, there is increasing media and audience fragmentation. As such, marketers have to select specific tools to target specific audience. Rising cost of traditional media like television and newspapers has pushed marketers towards online marketing through social sites, e-mails, websites, etc. that are not only cost effective but also have wider reach (Thorson and Moore, 2013). Moreover, increasing global marketing and increased focus on customer experience is motivating marketers to create IMC that is more engaging and has greater impact on customers minds. To achieve this, they are increasingly using customer data generated from internal and external sources to gain insights regarding their target market. This allows them to create more personalized marketing content that is sent at the correct time for greater reach (Newman, 2016). Thus, these trends in IMC are changing how marketers see their customers and interact with them to create brand awareness. Relationship Marketing With increase in competition and availability of large number of choices and alternatives, consumers are finding it hard to stay loyal to any single brand for long-term. Hence, marketers are finding the concept of relationship market increasingly useful to develop long lasting relations with their customers. In order to achieve this objective, marketers are utilizing customer insights generated through social media, company database, their past purchases, website algorithms and past interactions to assess their attitudes, interest, needs and preferences and customize offering and marketing communications accordingly. Customized customer experience to carter to their needs leads to better customer satisfaction thereby increasing their satisfaction, loyalty and leading to repeated purchases. This is beneficial for organisations as it leads to repeated purchase, greater profitability, higher retention, easier targeting and lower costs in terms of new customer acquisition (Lee, 2014). Organisations are also utilizing digital channels like e-mails, text messages, videos, social networking sites and others to stay in constant touch with their customers and influence their purchase decisions. Marketing and Integrated Promotional Plan As a part of its product development strategy, PG has planned to launch a new range of moisturizer for its existing customers at international level. To ensure the success of the new product, it is necessary that an intensive marketing and promotion plan be adopted to create mass awareness regarding the products benefits and value. Hence, the aim of this task is to develop a marketing and promotional plan by discussing important aspects. The beauty segment is PGs third largest revenue centre with brands like Pantene, Head Shoulders, Olay and SK-II. Its competitors are Unilever, Dove, Vaseline and Axe (Morgan, 2015). Currently the company offers something to each consumer category. For example: Olay is targeted towards females aged 25 and above who have fine wrinkles and want to look younger. In terms of consumer behaviour, consumers may find it difficult to switch beauty products that reduce the demand elasticity of product. However, factors like competition, preferences, changing lifestyles, product quality and costs may influence purchase decisions. The objective of IMC for new product is to create awareness for new range of moisturizers under the brand name Blossoms. The goal is to increase sales by capturing at least 3% market share within 6 months and create loyal customers. The primary target for the product is females who regularly go out in the sun and require a safe easy to use moisturizer that also includes sunscreen. Thus, PG will target college girls and working women that lie at the upper middle income level in Europe, North America and Asia. Key Message: The basic message to be delivered to the target audience is that of a non-greasy moisturizer that not only moisturizes skin but also includes sunscreen that would provide protection from harmful UV rays and prevent sun tan. Positioning: The positioning statement for Blossoms moisturizer would focus on its customer and product benefits. Thus, it will be: As a part of daily beauty regime, Blossoms is appropriate for all skin types and helps to keep your skin soft and beautiful. Marketing Strategy: The company will adopt a pull marketing strategy wherein it will try to attract target customers with the help of marketing tools thereby encouraging them to buy and use the product (Baker, 2012). PGs marketing strategy is to establish Blossoms as new brand by creating its own logo for easy identification, public relation, online marketing plan through website and social networking sites and offline marketing plan through television, sales promotions, direct selling, etc. Creative Strategy: The product will be promoted as safe and easy to use moisturizer for women that spend considerable amount of time outdoors while working or travelling. The idea is to communicate that easy and quick skin care is possible on daily basis even during busy schedules. The company will capitalize on its existing brand image and try to generate emotional appeal for the product through its genuine concern for skin care. Marketing Tools: PG being a global player with turnover of over $65.3 billion in 2016 spent $ 7.24 billion on advertising (Statista, 2017). This reflects its ability to spend on above the line mass communication tools like television, fashion magazines, newspapers and the likes. However, to create greater impact, the companys marketing strategy will include a mix to both above the line and below the line marketing tools. The mass marketing tools will include television, newspaper and magazine advertisements. Additional, tools like direct marketing through retail outlets, sales promotion through free samples and contests to share experience will be undertaken to generate public relations, customer engagement and experience. Moreover, social media marketing through Facebook, Instagram and Twitter accounts and companys website would be used for promotion and sharing of general stories and testimonials from customers. Budget and ROI: It will be decided on the basis of tasks necessary to meet the objective and estimating the costs for those tasks. Thus, PGs budget for Blossoms IMC is $ 25 million. Moreover, PG is targeting to earn at least $75million during the period of campaign. Barriers to effective implementation While it is necessary to develop a strong marketing communication plan, effective implementation is also critical in determining the success. Organisations may face many barriers while implementing MC strategy lack of proper communication and coordination between people involved in planning and implementation process. Current organisations prefer to hire highly specialized individuals that require tight coordination. However, power, coordination, culture and control issues sometimes come in way of team work. Moreover, organisational structures, skills of employees, time and other financial resources and turf battles may hinder effective IMC implementation. These can be overcome by developing open and integrated internal communication systems, greater involvement to all departments and hiring skilled and educated marketers along with flexible budgeting and greater market research (Dmitrijeva and Batraga, 2012). Pricing Policy: The Company will adopt price skimming strategy for Blossoms moisturizer to communicate the products quality and capitalize of the existing brand image. However, during the first 3 months of the new product launch, the company will use promotional pricing strategy and sell small pack of moisturizer with companies existing popular products like Pantene and Olay. The strategy is to motivate customers try the new product, which can lead to repeated purchase (Smith, 2011). Distribution Policy: Blossoms moisturizers would be sold through companys existing distribution channels like retail partners including Walmart, Woolsworth, etc. and small retailers. Choosing the existing channels would not only provide shelf space with companies other products but would also be cost and time effective (Baker, 2012). Communication Policy: The company tends to exercise self-regulation and aims to communicate actual benefits and value of the use of new product to its customers. It will plan its IMC in an ethical and legal manner thereby avoiding any controversy from competitors, customers and government. The list of ingredients will be fully disclosed on product packaging and companys website. Moreover, the advertisements and message will be unbiased and free of racial content as the company feels that the product is equally meant for all. Measurement of Campaign Effectiveness To identify the success of the IMC, it is necessary to measure its effectiveness. There are many measures available at the hand of marketer to assess the success of marketing campaign. The effectiveness of ATL tools can be measured through rating, brand awareness among target market, word-of-mouth marketing and market reach of the tools. While, measures like new customer acquisition, leads generation, cost per lead and repeated purchases can be used for ascertaining the effectiveness of direct sales and promotion activities. Moreover, site traffic, customer reviews, feedbacks, page shares, and bounce rate can be used to assess the success of online marketing channels (DeMers, 2014). Thus, regularly checking these metrics help in identify the actual health of IMC campaign. In the field of marketing communications and advertising, the marketers are equipped with many tools to attract and communicate their product and service to their target market. These tools are broadly categorized into above the line (ATL) and below the line (BTL) tools. ATL refers to conventional marketing communication or advertising activities undertaken at large scale with the use of tools like radio, television, magazine, newspapers, press and others that cost money on the basis of advertising space and time it uses. These tools are used to create wide impact regarding a brand, its product and services. In the current scenario, ATL is used to create branding effect with the help of advertisement content tailored mass market. Though the impact of ATL is high in generating mind share, it is very costly. Moreover, it is also difficult to measure the actual impact of these tools (Wharton, 2013). BTL on the contrary includes unconventional activities that are undertaken at small scale using tools like brochures, direct mails, tele-marketing, public relations, point of sale displays and social networking sites among other sources of sales promotion (Baker, 2012). BTL advertising is fee based irrespective of the time taken or conversion rate and is widely used to achieve repeated sales and customer loyalty. Below the line tools for marketing and promotion are not only cost effective as compared to above the line tools, they are also easy to measure in the form of customer feedbacks and sales generated. Hence, this allows marketers to gain insights on their customer and their behaviour and also identify the effectiveness of their promotion activities. However, in the current scenario the line between ATL and BTL tools is blurring as agencies are increasingly adopting fee-based earning structures. Moreover, a new category advertising tools known as through the line (TTL) has emerged that uses a mix of both ATL and BTL communication tools to optimize the marketing activities for companies. TTL allows the marketers to create integrated campaigns for delivering consistent message across different channels. Use of BTL techniques With increase in customization and organizations efforts to provide tailor-made customer experience, marketers prefer BTL over ATL. BTL advertising tools are widely used in case of touch and feel products like clothes, food and durable goods including vehicles, home furnishings, and non innovative products like financial services, educational institutes that require marketers to precisely target the customers and mould their message as per their requirements (Corso, 2013). BTL activities allows the marketer to have control over the customer experience and the message that they are exposed to, which further helps to obtain customer feedback and assess the impact of their activities. Additionally, bands prefer to use BTL promotion tools as the cost of media and ATL is rising. Thus, organisations facing budget issues or selling products that require customers to engage with the company use BTL to reach out to its target market. Conclusion It can be concluded that understanding of customer behaviour and marketing tools is necessary to device and implement a successful marketing communication strategy. A marketer has to take care of multiple aspects like goals, key message, media-selection, target market, budget and measurement tools among others while planning an integrated marketing communication plan. Moreover, increased competition, changes in technology, internet boom and international expansion have changes the ways IMC takes places. This has not only pushed marketers to become more innovative to grab attention but also provides more opportunities and greater control on communication and moulding customer experience. References Baker, M. (2012) The Marketing Book, 5th ed. London: Routledge. Belch, G. and Belch, M. (2014) Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective, 10th ed. London: McGraw-Hill Education. Blakeman, R. (2013) Nontraditional Media in Marketing and Advertising. London: SAGE Publications. Chitty, W., Barker, N., Valos, M. and Shimp, T. (2011) Integrated Marketing Communications. NY: Cengage Learning. Corso, G. (2013) How To Transcend 'Above-The-Line' And 'Below-The-Line' Thinking, Ad Exchanger. [Online]. Available at: https://adexchanger.com/data-driven-thinking/how-to-transcend-above-the-line-and-below-the-line-media/ (Accessed: 25 April 2017). DeMers, J. (2014) 10 Online Marketing Metrics You Need To Be Measuring, Forbes. [Online]. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jaysondemers/2014/08/15/10-online-marketing-metrics-you-need-to-be-measuring/#777db8d676c1 (Accessed: 26 April 2017). Dmitrijeva, K. and Batraga, A. (2012) Barriers to integrated marketing communications: the case of Lativa (small markets), 8th International Strategic Management Conference. 58, pp. 1018-1026. East, R., Singh, J., Wright, M. and Vanhuele, M. (2016) Consumer Behaviour: Applications in Marketing, 3rd ed. London: Sage Publications. Lee, J.S. (2014) The role of relationship marketing investments in customer reciprocity, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(8), pp. 1200-1224. Morgan, P. (2015) Porters Five Forces: Procter and Gambles Competitive Position, Market Realist. [Online]. Available at: https://marketrealist.com/2015/07/porters-five-forces-procter-gambles-competitive-position/ (Accessed: 25 April 2017). Newman, A. and Cullen, P. (2002) Retailing: Environment Operations. London: Cengage Learning. Newman, D. (2016) The Top 10 Trends Driving Marketing in 2017, Forbes. [Online]. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/danielnewman/2016/10/18/the-top-10-trends-driving-marketing-in-2017/#165efc1c3ade (Accessed: 25 April 2017). Smith, T. (2011) Pricing Strategy: Setting Price Levels, Managing Price Discounts and Establishing Price Structures. NY: Cengage Learning. Solomon, M. White, K. and Dahl, D. (2017) Consumer Behaviour: Buying, Having, Being, 7th ed. Totonto: Pearson Education. Statista (2017) Advertising expenditure of Procter Gamble worldwide from 2011 to 2016 (in million U.S. dollars). [Online]. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/262022/advertising-expenditure-of-procter-und-gamble-worldwide/ (Accessed: 25 April 2017). Thorson, E. and Moore, J. (2013) Integrated Communication: Synergy of Persuasive Voices. Chicago: Psychology Press. Wharton, C. (2013) Advertising as Culture. Bristol: Intellect Books.

The Awakening Personality Developments Essay Example For Students

The Awakening Personality Developments Essay PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENTThe idea that one can understand and comprehend the development of an individual is profound and abstruse, but very few people have actually had success dealing with such a topic. From obstacles such as proper test subjects to the whole stigma of taboo attached in trying to understand the human mind, researchers and psychologists have had success. One of the most notable successes is that of Sigmund Freud, the father of modern psychology, as we know it. Freuds in depth pioneering journey into the minds of people, and how the mind itself develops with the passing of time and events. Other modern psychologists have elaborated on Freud, including the psychologists Erik Erikson and Karen Horney. Their thoughts on the personality development of people relate directly to Kate Chopins book, The Awakening. In this book, the theories discussed by Freud and his successors are shown explicitly and implicitly. We will write a custom essay on The Awakening Personality Developments specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Obviously, Sigmund Freuds work in the field of personality development was by far the most prolific and controversial. The father of modern psychology, Freud broke all barriers to expose what he thought to be the real reasons for human behavior. His theories of personality development can best start with the discussion of the conscious and the unconscious mind. The conscious mindalong with the lesser preconscious mindis that part of the mind that one has control, or knowledge of. Ironically, this is the least part of the mind that one has control over. The so called subconscious mind is the part of the mind that lurks beneath the surface, filled with instincts, emotions, and unfulfilled desires (Shaffer 26). The total human mind is divided into the famous three parts of the Id, the ego, and the superego. The Id can be correlated directly to the subconscious, since it contains ones innermost thoughts, feelings, and desires, or as Freud would call them, wishes. The Id represents ones innermost and primitive desires, such as food and reproduction, and it constantly drives ones actions. The total antithesis of the Id is the superego. The superego in the case of personality development, comes directly from parents. This superego is consisted of the conscience (punishments and warnings) and the ego ideal (positive rewards and role models). Thus the superego can be defined as what keeps the Id in check, which leads to the ego. The ego is the rationalizing factor, it is the result of the superego and the Id, canceling each other out. The ego is the compromise between the Id and the superego, and it seeks to solve the problems that an individual may face. The ego is the visible part of the mind, and it is with the ego that individuals can either raise or lower themselves. Thus having discussed Freuds analysis of the brain, it seems logical to determine how the mind responds to events that in turn lead to the development of the individual. Freud mentions things such as traumatical events, which can affect ones development that trigger what he calls defense mechanisms (Shaffer 61). One example would be suppression, wherein one tries to bury and put away all that is bothering them, such as the loss of a loved one, etc. This suppression may resurface at the wrong time (since its never been dealt with) and can have harmful effects on the individual. Another example would repression, or forgetting such a trauma occurred. Another well known mechanism would be denial, wherein one denies that something will happen, or denies the severity of such an event. All these things have one thing in common; that when a person doesnt deal with a situation properly, it can affect them later on in life, when it is most likely unwanted (Cooper 73). Freud also dealt with the development of the child, and how ones upbringing can affect ones adult life. .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .postImageUrl , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:hover , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:visited , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:active { border:0!important; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:active , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Malthus` Population Essay Skipping the parts of Oedipal-complex, etc., the one Freudian dogma that sticks out, especially in relation to the story is the lack of the mother theory. In this case which applies to the main character of The Awakening, Edna, a loss of the mother leads to a female child to lose her female role model, thus making her more manly, etc. This is

Vegetarian or carnivorous diet

Vegetarian or carnivorous diet Such phrases such as â€Å"we are what we eat† has gained prominence today as people engage in debate on the best eating habits that we need to embrace. Everything that we eat has consequences in as far as our overall health is concerned. It is therefore our responsibility to make informed choices when it comes to choosing dietary alternatives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vegetarian or carnivorous diet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dieting is a means of maintaining a good healthy body. A well balanced diet includes both vegetarian foods and carnivorous or meat based food. Vegetarian diet totally excludes meat or any animal products. While nutritionists propose a well balanced diet, substituting meat and other animal products with vegetable equivalent reduces chances of lifestyle diseases, which are a major concern today. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how a vegetarian diet is more beneficial for better health. Smith (para. 2) argues that meat is a very healthy source of high quality proteins, which builds our bodies. Essential amino acids necessary for our bodies growth are contained in diet rich with red meat. Phosphorous found in meat is easily absorbed in our bodies than phosphorous found in vegetables. Meat is a source of important micronutrients such as iron, selenium, vitamins A, B12 and folic acid, which are not available in plant based foods. Further, Anderson, Konz and Jenkins (1243) state that meat-based products are helpful in short term weight loss. Therefore, meat and animal products play an essential diet supplementary role. Meat contains essential amino acids and micronutrients. In addition, it also plays a vital role in the regulation of energy metabolism processes (Koebnick et al 3215). However, a diet rich in meat and animal products has been found to have severe detrimental effects to people’s health. Smith (para. 3) argues that people retain t he hormones fed to dairy animal to accelerate growth. When they meat and animal products these hormones lead to an increased weight gain. Uncontrolled intake of roast meat is also a major cause of gout and arthritis. He continues to argue that fish and other edible marine foods are preserved using boric acid. A sustained intake of this chemical may cause brain and liver damage Biesalski (1243) argues that continued intake of meat exposes one to risk of contracting cancer, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Anderson and colleagues (1243) report that increased intake of meat increases serum cholesterol levels, which put people at the risk of contracting cardiovascular and coronary diseases. Therefore, meat should be consumed in controlled portions to avoid such negative implications. Vegetarian diet too has its own disadvantages. Smith (para. 5) report that important vitamins responsible for formation of red blood cells (for example, vitamin B2 and B12), are absent in vegetarian diets. A fiber rich vegetarian diet may also lead to malnutrition as victims lack other food supplements available only in meat-based foods.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If a vegetarian diet is not properly planned, a person may miss several nutritional intakes such as proteins iron zinc calcium vitamin B (12) and essential amino acids. This can however be overcome if a well balanced vegetarian diet is observed. Despite these shortcomings, Lietzmann (148) argues that a wholesome vegetarians diet offers more advantages compared to meat based diet. Well balanced vegetarian diets are essential in all stages of human development form childhood, adolescent, pregnancy stage, adult hood to old age. Anderson et al (1244) states that low fat vegetarian diets are responsible for improving cardiovascular status. Smith Biesalski (510) says that vegetarian diets reduce the level of cho lesterol intake to the bare minimum. Vegetarian diets have been found to play an important role in the prevention and treatment of life threatening diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, cancer osteoporosis among others. Low fat vegetarian diet is responsible for altering serum cholesterol intake for improved health in pre menopausal women. Lietzmann (149) reports that research in England have found that vegetarian diet is responsible for reducing diabetes and heart disease. All these benefits explain why vegetarian diet is gaining a worldwide popularity for its health benefits. Vegetarian diet goes beyond health concerns (Lietzmann, 2005). Vegetarian diet has more benefits to a human being than meat based diet. Some religious denominations such as the Adventist strictly follow a vegetarian diet as a religious culture (Levin and Vanderpool 70). Despite all the advantages of a herbivorous diet a carnivorous diet is still essential to humans as it contains e ssentials nutrients absent in plant food. A well balanced diet that incorporates both meat and vegetables is essential. To achieve proper health and reduce chances of contracting life threatening diseases, intake of meat and animal products should be reduced to a minimum. A balanced diet that contains both the animal sources of nutrition on the one hand and those from the plant sources is more ideal. This is because some of the nutrients in the plant sources are in a bound form and for maximum absorption they need to be supplemented with their equivalent from animal sources, and vice versa.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vegetarian or carnivorous diet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Anderson, John, Smith, Michael and Gustafson, Joseph. Health Benefits And Practical Aspects Of High-Fiber Diets. American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition 59.5(1994):1242-47 Biesalski, Henry. Meat As A Component Of A Healthy Diet  œ Are There Any Risks Or Benefits If Meat Is Avoided In The Diet? Meat science, 70.3(2005):509-24 Koebnick, Corinna, Hoffmann, Ingrid, Dagnelie, Pieter, Heins, Ulrike, Wickramasinghe, Indrika D., Ratnayaka, Sindy and Lindemans, Jan. Claus L. Long-term ovolacto vegetarian diet impairs vitamin B-12 status in pregnant women. J. Nutr. 134.(2004): 12 3215-3218 Levin, Jeffrey and Vanderpool, Harold. Is Religion Therapeutically Significant For Hypertension? Social Science Medicine, 29.1(1989):69-78. Lietzmann, Charles. Vegetarian Diets: What Are The Advantages? 2005. Forum Nutr., 57(2005):147-56. Smith, Heather. The Pros and Cons Of Vegetraina Diet. 2010. January 18, 2011 https://www.doityourself.com/stry/pros-cons-vegetarian

What Makes a Marine Ecosystem

What Makes a Marine Ecosystem An ecosystem is the collection of living and non-living things in an area, and their relationship to each other. It is how animals, plants and the environment interact together and thrive. Studying ecosystems is known as ecology. A marine ecosystem is one that occurs in or near salt water and is the kind that is studied in marine biology. (Freshwater ecosystems, on the other hand, are comprised of freshwater environments such as those in rivers or lakes. Marine biologists study those types of ecosystems as well.) Because the ocean covers 71 percent of the Earth, marine ecosystems make up a large part of our planet. They vary, but all play a valuable role in the planets health, as well as the health of humans. About Marine Ecosystems Ecosystems can vary in size, but all have parts that interact with and are dependent upon each other. Upsetting one component of an ecosystem may affect other parts. If youve ever heard of the phrase ecosystem approach, it is a type of natural resource management involving making decisions regarding the whole ecosystem, rather than various parts. This philosophy realizes that everything in an ecosystem is interconnected. This is why environmentalists and marine biologists must consider entire ecosystems even though they may focus on one creature or plant in it. Everything is tied together. Protecting Marine Ecosystems Another vital reason to study ecosystems is to protect them. Humans can have significant negative impacts on our environment that can wind up destroying ecosystems and harming human health. The  HERMIONE project, a program that monitors ecosystems, notes that certain fishing practices can harm cold-water coral reefs, for example. That is a problem because the reefs support a variety of living systems including providing a home for young fish. The reefs could also be sources of potential medicines to fight cancer, which is another reason to protect them. Human impacts are ruining the reefs, which are a vital ecosystem for humans and the environment as a whole. Knowing how they function, and how to support them prior to and after components are destroyed, is imperative to assist these ecosystems. In seagrass meadows and kelp forests, for example, robust biological diversity is key to the ecosystems. In one experiment, scientists reduced the number of seaweed species. That caused the total algal biomass to decrease, which lowered the amount of food.  When scientists decreased the species that graze on microalgae that grew on seagrass, the species ate less from areas that had fewer microalgae. As a result of that, the seagrass in those areas grew slower. It affected the entire ecosystem. Experiments like this help us learn how reducing biodiversity can be extremely harmful to sensitive ecosystems. Types of Marine Ecosystems Sandy BeachesRocky ShoresSalt MarshesCoral ReefsMangrovesDeep SeaHydrothermal Vents

Dinosaurs (In Science) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dinosaurs (In Science) - Research Paper Example As in moderns day nature â€Å"nature abhors a vacuum† (Aristotle, quoted by Link, 2011 ) and so dinosaurs developed to fit into every niche, large, small, carnivorous, herbivorous etc. It is possible to tell what each creature ate if their teeth are examined. Just as the teeth of dogs and cows are very different, to suit their individual diets, so the teeth of meat eating dinosaurs are very different from those of the vegetarians. They also carried an impressive array of body part including such extras as scales, horns, collars and crests, what Viegas (2012) describes as ‘Feathered, clawed and jaws,’. So far, the remains of over 1,000 different dinosaur species have been identified from fossils though technically, birds are feathered dinosaurs, meaning dinosaurs aren't really extinct at all. The fact that some dinosaurs have been found which are feathered adds emphasis to evolutionary ideas and the hypothesis that birds are direct descendants of some dinosaurs, a n idea first put forward as long ago as 1870 ( Stone 2010) brings to mind other scientific questions such as who are the predecessors of mankind. Some, although not all dinosaurs, are known as being ‘bird hipped’ because of their particular anatomical features. They were . small, agile, and walked on two legs, unlike some much larger relatives. One such example is the Lesothosaurus Diagnosticus, a medium sized herbivore, first discovered in Southern Africa, within the kingdom of Lesotho, in 1978 ( National Geographic, 2012). It is so birdlike that it looks somewhat like a plucked bird. The dinosaurs were a highly diverse and successful group. They are often said to have lasted for far more than 100 million years, being the dominant from of life on land for some 160 million years, but if one includes birds then they are still around ( BBC, Science and Nature: Prehistoric Life, undated). Yet most of them did disappear, which has lessons perhaps for man , who acts as if th e world belongs to him by right. Dinosaur remains are often found in association with rocks which can be dated to a particular time. These rocks are usually sedimentary rocks, formed during a great ancient flood , massive floods are often being mentioned in ancient legends in many civilizations, despite the fact that the oldest humanoids found have been dated to only 4.4 million years ago (Schmid, 2009). Perhaps people were describing another cataclysmic flood. If so that will surely also be found in the geological record. According to Gilroy, most dinosaurs became extinct 65.5 million years ago, but it seems that there were survivors , and some dinosaur remains have quite recently been dated at some 700,000 years later (2011). So the picture isn’t at all clear. There was not for instance just one massive extinction period , but two. Viegas, ( 2012) describes the Permian extinction, when 90 per cent of all life on earth was destroyed, the most devastating extinction of all ti me, from insects to plants. Marine creatures as well as those on land were affected as well as amphibians and reptiles. Dinosaurs often had air sacs which enabled them to survive in poor air quality

Enzymes in Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Enzymes in Industry - Essay Example It is the aim of this paper to discuss the workings and history of enzymes and to trace its research as well as to give an overview of how enzymes have been incorporated into various facets of industry and as a result make our day- to - day lives much easier. Enzymes are proteinaceous molecules. They catalyze a variety of reactions in the cell and every living organism is dependent on them to function. Being proteins, they are sensitive to the working conditions, like temperature, pH, etc. and often have stringent requirements of these factors in order to function properly. Each enzyme catalyses a specific reaction, and this specificity is one of the hallmarks of an enzyme. In addition, each enzyme also has certain conditions within which it will be active. The conditions vary from enzyme to enzyme, though there is generally a common overlap amongst them. However, some proteins will be more stable than others under condition x than others, or will have a wider range of toleration to circumstances. Enzymes in industry have their roots in the earliest civilizations. Fermentation of grapes to make wine is one of the earliest recorded uses of enzymes. Also recorded is the fermentation of milk to yield cheese and yoghurt. However, though they have been recorded, the significance of the process of fermentation was not looked deeply into for many centuries. People slowly became aware of yeast as a source of this fermenting activity. However it was not until the beginning of the 19th century that enzyme research as a field really took off. The history of enzyme research is given below. History Timeline 1810 - Joseph Gay Lussac discovers that the principle products of sugar decomposition in yeastare ethanol and carbon dioxide. 1835 - Jacob Berzelius postulates the first general theory of chemical catalysis by showing that malt extracts (diastase) were capable of better catalysis of starch hydrolysis than sulfuric acid. Mid 19th century - Pasteur proposes that fermentation can only occur in living cells; he assumes a "vital force" that is capable of this process and says that dead cells cannot catalyse fermentation. J. Liebig opposes this theory, postulating that biological reactions are caused by substances called 'ferments' which are themselves not living organisms. 1864 - Hansen extracts chymosin from calf stomach (rennet) and uses it to ripen and manufacture cheese. This appears to be the first industrial use. 1876 - William Kuhne coins the term "enzyme" in an attempt to emphasize that it is not the yeast but something within its cell that causes fermentation. Late 1800s - Jokichi Takamine is the first person to isolate an enzyme, Takadiastase, from a microbe, Aspergillus oryzae 1894 - Emil Fischer discovers that glycolytic enzymes can distinguish between stereoisomeric sugars leading to the lock- and - key hypothesis. 1897 - Eduard Buchner ends the debate on what causes fermentation by showing that a cell-free yeast extract is still capable of carrying out fermentation. 1917 - Bacterial amylase is used by Boiden and Effront to perform textile desizing. Pre- W.W.I - Otto Rohm uses pancreatic extracts to bate leather. He also later used enzymes in detergents. 1926 - James Sumner crystallizes the enzyme jack bean urease, demonstrating conclusively that enzymes are proteins. Mid- 1930s - John Northrop, Moses Kunitz confirm the proteinaceous nature of enzymes by showing a direct correlation

Child Abuse in American Samoa Essay Example for Free

Child Abuse in American Samoa Essay Child abuse and neglect good novel can do countless things for its reader. It ignites curiosity, triggers emotions, expands knowledge and encourages life lessons while transporting eager minds to unimaginable places. Active readers are completely encouraged by these vibrations. However, untold tales can occasionally capture the oppressed narratives of others. The silent pleas of vulnerable individuals can tell a memoir of its own. One key issue is that of child abuse, which has the potential to rob children of the happily ever after that they deserve. The World health organization (2013) defines â€Å"child abuse† as a breach of a child’s basic human rights and encompasses a variety of unethical practices that damage the holistic welfare of a child. Al Dosari, Ferwana, Abdulmejeed, Aldossari and Al-Zahrani (2017) add that incompetent parents or caregivers are at fault and should be held accountable for their forceful and or negligent conduct towards a minor in their care, especially when the potential risk or traumatic event that the child was exposed to could have been avoided entirely. Paterson, Fairbairn-Dunlop, Cowley-Malcolm, and Schluter (2007) assert that abusive parenting is an issue that is limitless in scope and transcends every border, including factors such as ethnicity, nationality and generation. Child abuse occurs in various ways, but the result remains the same, serious physical or emotional harm. Physical or sexual abuse may be the most striking types of abuse since they often, unfortunately, leave physical evidence behind. However, physical abuse is commonly encountered among large families. Parents with either a lower level of education or no education at all, abuse children with good health status and with a significant association (Elsaied, Alsehly, 2017). On the other hand, psychological abuse and neglect are serious types of child abuse that are often more subtle and difficult to spot.Types of Child abuse physical A documentary was filmed following Samoan foster children in New Zealand. A scene in the film shows the consequences a boy faces after being caught attempting to run away from his foster home. The consequences he faced was not your typical western punishment. His foster mom did not ground him or send him to his room. Instead, she had every other boy in the foster home brutally beat him for at least two minutes. One key issue here is that of Physical abuse, it has the potential to injure and ultimately damage the growth and development of children. The Canadian Department of Justice (2012), defines child physical abuse as the involvement or the deliberate use of force on a child, that it causes injury to the child or the child may be at risk of injury. The force may include such acts such as smacking, punching, beating, shaking, kicking, biting, burning, shoving, choking, throwing, stabbing, grabbing or leaving a child in an undignified posture for a long period of time. These usually occur when a parent or a person in the position of responsibility, power or trust takes advantage of their child. The injury is considered abuse whether the person intended to hurt the child or not. Some of the physical signs of abuse would have clear warning signs, such as unexplained bruises, welts or cuts. According to Dr. Joseph A Zenel (2008), that if a child has more bruises, fractures, head trauma, or burns that would simply raise the suspicion of physical abuse (as cited in McNamara, 2008).While all children will take a tumble now and then, look for age-inappropriate injuries, injuries that appear to have a pattern such as marks from a hand or belt, or a pattern of severe injuries. Emotional/Psychological Sexual OtherPolicyWellbeing/symptomsCountry – what is American Samoan doing about the issue? References Elsaied, H., Alsehly, A. (2017). A study of child physical abuse. The Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry, 38(2), 120. J.N. Fishe (2016). Child Abuse and the Law. Rethinking the CAPTA Amendments. Vand Law Rev 1998;183. Fry, D., McCoy, A., Swales, D. (2012). The Consequences of Maltreatment on Children’s Lives: A Systematic Review of Data From East Asia and Pacific Region. Trauma, Violence Abuse, 13(4), 209-233. doi:10.1177/1524838012455873 Neela Dabir, Mohua Nigudkar. (2007). Child Abuse: Confronting Reality. Economic and Political Weekly, 42(27/28), 2863-2866. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.byuh.idm.oclc.org/stable/4419782 Paterson, J., Fairbairn-Dunlop, P., Esther, T. C., Schluter, P. J. (2007). Maternal childhood parental abuse history and current intimate partner violence: Data from the Pacific islands families study. Violence and Victims, 22(4), 474-88. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.byuh.idm.oclc.org/docview/208556625?accountid=9816 Xiangming Fang, Deborah A. Fry, Derek S. Brown, James A. Mercy, Michael P. Dunne, Alexander R. Butchart, Phaedra S. Corso, Kateryna Maynzyuk, Yuriy Dzhygyr, Yu Chen, Amalee McCoy, Diane M. Swales, The burden of child maltreatment in the East Asia and Pacific region, In Child Abuse Neglect, Volume 42, 2015, Pages 146-162, ISSN 0145-2134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.02.012

A Room With A View Windy Corne :: essays research papers

EXPLORE THE CONTRAST BETWEEN WINDY CORNER AND MRS VYSE’S ‘WELL APPOINTED FLAT.’ HOW DOES OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THESE ENVIRONMENTS PREPARE US FOR THE CONFLICT IN THE NOVEL.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first comparison to be drawn between the two environs is of their names. This is the first piece of information the reader is given, and is therefore of significance, as they have different connotations. â€Å"Windy Corner† has links to nature and the weather due to the word ‘windy.’ It implies change and movement-which is definitely applicable to that household. The ‘Corner’ suggests a sheltered resting-place, which is quite appropriate because the household does seem somewhat removed or protected from society. This is in stark contrast to Mrs Vyse’s flat. The fact that she has ownership of it, rather than Cecil, suggests that this is her dominion, and as a result is the dominant one in their relationship. The word ‘flat’ sounds cold, empty and static, as opposed to the vibrancy of Windy Corner. Forster’s comment that it is ‘well-appointed,’ is another of his satirical observations, and this leads us to believe that perhaps it does not have such high standards after all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The physical interiors are just as different as their appointed names. Mrs Vyse’s flat is not described in too much detail, but just enough so that the reader has a clear picture of it in our minds. As mentioned above, the flat is proved not to have such high standards when Mrs Honeychurch reveals that there is a â€Å"thick layer of flue under the beds.† It is not a very pleasant place, as we see when â€Å"darkness enveloped the flat.† By contrast, there is so much light at Windy Corner that the curtains â€Å"had been pulled to meet† in order to protect the furniture. Light is associated with goodness, truth and honesty, and it is quite significant that this is missing from Mrs Vyse’s flat. Both homes have a piano, but the purpose for it appears to be quite different. In the flat, Lucy plays both Schumann and Beethoven, whereas at Windy Corner, it is lucky to stay in one piece, â€Å"you needn’t kick the piano!† (pg 104) The piano is not taken as seriously at Windy Corner, which is another indication of their easy-going attitude. The different environments also help us to find out about the characters of Lucy and Cecil. When they are introduced to their partner’s homes, the reader gets fresh a insight into their characters.

A research proposal on contract strategies for projects in the subsea oil and gas industry Essay

Introduction In different subsea oil and gas projects developments, the award of large contracts for a variety of works is undertaken.   Nevertheless, the overall strategy for distributing these contracts to different contractors is the main issue regarding to contracting strategy. The recent researches on the field of contract strategies establish that the world is growing very fast technologically thus provoke the need for further exploration for sources of energy especially in subsea oil and gas industry. Furthermore, a profound increase in the projects complexity, increase in projects sizes as well as the intensified international engagements in related issues characterize oil and gas projects in the present world. Although these projects are based in the sea, it is argued by different scholars that construction processes have numerous groups of individuals and companies who get involved either as suppliers, buyers or as the real builders. To maintain and ensure ethical relationships among the various stakeholders contracts are formed.   A contract is a legal term that is either written or spoken as an agreement between two or more parties for the purpose of the delivery of particular services in return for money or any other valuable asset (Blum, 2007, p. 88). In projects related to subsea oil and gas engineering, the process and the character of contracting and presentation of projects contracts is of great significance for the future course of the project and as well for the general success of the project. As far as subsea oil and gas industry is concerned, contracts are the critical tolls for the allocation of tasks, risks and responsibilities. Most importantly, contracting strategies in the above discussed industry takes into account the division of responsibilities within the project cycle, the desired allocation of risks, splitting of engaged parties and services among the involved groups as well as taking into account the   interface and the market situation. Realistic selection of contracting strategies is the foundation of realization of goals and objectives of such projects. According to Blum (2007), it is of importance for involved stakeholders in such projects to have the awareness and knowledge about the particular characteristics of probable contracting strategies.   Contracting strategies refer to the strategies in all stages of a project that establish a level of integration in design, the actual construction and ongoing maintenance in a project and gives support to t he project in form of risk delivery, risk allocation and incentivisation. The Rationale of the Research Considering the increased exploration and initialization of subsea oil and gas exploration and extraction projects, it is of importance to acknowledge the significance of instigating effective and realistic contracting strategies, as they are key to the success of each and every projects. For this reason, it is important to bring into light various contracting strategies by discussing, exploring and analyzing the impacts of such strategies in subsea oil and gas engineering. It is in this respect that the research that will follow will go even deep to thrash out the advantages as well as the shortcomings of different contracting strategies with respect to various literatures in the specific field. Research issue As many comprehend, there has been very little in terms of research concerning contracting strategies especially in the subsea oil and gas sector.   Although few study this issue, many companies are investing in the industry probably ending up adopting one or several contracting strategies. It is therefore a major issue when the necessary research that can guide these companies in selecting the best approaches is unavailable. Research Aim The aim of this research will be to investigate various types of contract strategy used in the subsea oil and Gas Industries and the consideration made before choosing for a particular project. In addition, the research will provide insight in various concept of contracting strategies besides going deep to unclothe various strategies used in the subsea oil and gas industries. Furthermore, the research will explore, discus and determine the role of contract strategy in project management by comparing and evaluating their impacts on a project by applying cost reimbursable contract strategy and lump sum contract strategy. Finally, the study will materialize in identifying the benefits and disadvantages of the various types of contract strategies. The importance of the study On the event of the completion of this planned research,   it is anticipated that various stakeholders in subsea gas and oil industry will be provided with adequate   and vital information about contracting strategies in the field, their impacts on general project   performance, their advantage and disadvantages as well being equipped with information on the roles of various contracting strategies. Research questions To these ends, the study calls on the following research questions: What are the various types of contracting strategies used in the subsea oil and gas industry? What are the considerations made before choosing a contracting strategy? What are the roles of contracting strategies in the subsea oil and gas industry? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the discussed contracting strategies? The empirical part of the research examines the theoretical framework of the perspective of different contracting strategies, their effectiveness, their roles as well as the benefits and shortcomings that accrue as a result of their espousal. Literature review During the initial stages of any project, the main issue that faces the project management stakeholders is to make informed decisions on which contract strategies to adopt that best suits the project for successful achievement of the projects goals and objectives (Inkpen & Moffett, 2011, p. 187). According to Babusiaux (2007), contract strategy refers to the process or the endeavor to select an organizational or projects contractual policy that is required for the execution of specific projects within the major venture. Most importantly, a proper and effective contract strategy for a project especially the ones related to subsea oil and gas industry involves making of five critical and basic decisions that include; setting of the projects objectives and constraints and making of informed decisions on the selection of proper project delivery method. In addition deciding on selection of proper contract type as well as adopting realistic contract administrative mechanisms serves as a basis for triumphant selection of contracting strategies.   Nevertheless, in the subsea oil and gas engineering projects, a contract type is selected by the managers of the project through the advice of the projects engineers and his or her legal advisor. However, the selection in this case must meet the objectives and the goals of the project and be able to take into account the constraints that relate to the project. The objectives are in terms of the time objectives, functional performance, transfer of technology, use of local materials and resources, allocation and payment of risks as well as cost objectives among others. This lead to a reflective increase in the projects complexity, increase in projects sizes as well as the intensified international engagements. Essentially, there are different contracting strategies in subsea oil and gas industry. The contracting strategies include; Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) contracting strategy, Engineering Procurement and Construction with Long Lead Items (EPC with LLIs), Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management strategy (EPCM) as well as the Progressive Lump Sum (PLS) (Ross   & Williams, 2012, p. 236). As a matter of fact, the selection of a specific contracting strategy in the subsea oil and gas industry depends on the level of risk an owner of a project dares to undertake and in most cases it reflects the desired peril, the goal and the aspirations of the owner. For that reason, the specific features and factors of the particular project have to be handled with an in-depth analysis and compared to the characteristics of the respective strategy in a manner that provides a foundation for deciding and choosing on the most appropriate solution (Babusiaux, 2007, p. 116). As all this contracting strategies are based on the procurement process, it is basically known that supply chain in the industry of oil and gas has not been taken seriously for quite some time and this has resulted to significant drawbacks . Nevertheless, technological changes lead to the development of core values that aim only at fast exploration with consequent high production of oil and gas products. According to Piskarev & Shkatov (2012) before selecting a contracting strategy to implement, owners of subsea oil and gas projects should ensure that, they consider basic attributes that determine which effective strategy works best in particular environments. To maximize on this, the key factors to consider in such cases include; the type, the size and the location of the subsea industry.   Additionally, as mentioned in the overview, decisions should consider risk allocations, the projects interface, the time constraints   and the market structure among many other factors. References Inkpen, A. C., & Moffett, M. H. (2011). The global oil & gas industry: management,   Ã‚  Ã‚   strategy & finance. Tulsa, Okla, PennWell. Blum, B. A. (2007). Contracts: examples & explanations. Austin, Wolters Kluwer Law &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Business Babusiaux, D. (2007). Oil and gas exploration and production: reserves, costs, contracts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Paris, France, Editions Technip. Piskarev, A., & Shkatov, M. (2012). Energy Potential of the Russian Arctic Seas Choice of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   development strategy. Burlington, Elsevier Science. Ross, A., & Williams, P. (2012). Financial Management in Construction Contracting.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Chicester, Wiley.

Resolving The Pure Enantiomers Of Phenylethylamine Environmental Sciences Essay

The intent of this research lab was to decide the pure enantiomorphs of (  ± ) -?-phenylethylamine ( racemic ) mixture, by dividing their diasteriomeric derived functions utilizing ( + ) -tartaric acid. The differing enantiomorphs form different salts with acids. Two molecules that are enantiomorphs have about indistinguishable physical and chemical belongingss although this may be true, the salts that are formed after the reaction with acid have distinguishable belongingss. Some salts are less soluble [ ( + ) ( – ) ] than others, and hence crystallize from the mixture in a about pure stereoisomeric signifier. When utilizing NaOH as a strong base to handle the salt, it allows for the isolation of the enantiomorph ( Lab Manual, 2007 ) . Polarimetry is a common method used to separate between enantiomorphs, based on their ability to revolve the plane of polarized visible radiation in opposite waies ( + and – ) . This allows the perceiver to find the enantiomeric purenes s, and hence the composing of the mixture ( Wade, 2007 Chemical Chemical reaction: ( – ) -amine ( + ) -amine less soluble salt [ ( – ) ( + ) ] : crystallizes more soluble salt [ ( + ) ( + ) ] remains in solution 2NaOH+ 2H2O( – ) -?-phenylethylamine ( Lab Manual, 2007 ) Procedure: Alternatively of utilizing a 50 milliliter beaker to boil the amine solution in, we used a 50 milliliter Erlenmyer flask For the remainder of the proceduce refer to pg. 18, 22-24 ( Lab Manual, 2007 ) Observations: The crystals were given a 4 hebdomad crystallisation period and afterward, the ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine- ( + ) -hydrogen tartrate salt was observed to be a white crystalline solid, and the methyl alcohol was a crystalline liquid. Two really distinguishable beds were seeable following the reaction with the NaOH ( strong base ) and add-on of the methylene chloride ( CH2Cl2 ) . The top bed was translucent in some topographic points and opaque in others, really cloudy, white liquid, while the bottom bed was crystalline and besides liquid. The attendant mixture following the three separate extractions was close to transparent Consequences: Table 1: Experimental Datas: Multitudes and Optical Rotations Mass Filter Paper 0.58 g Filter Paper + Initial Crystal Sample 8.25 g Recovered Crystal Sample 7.67 g 50 milliliters Erlenmeyer Flask with 2 boiling rocks 39.75 g 50 milliliters Erlenmeyer Flask with Amine merchandise and 2 boiling rocks 42.63 g Amine merchandise 2.88 g Optical Rotation Specific Rotation of ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine -31.8o Table 2: Experimental Raw Given Data Volume of (  ± ) -?-phenylethylamine 10.0 milliliter Density of (  ± ) -?-phenylethylamine 0.9395 g/mL Molecular Weight of ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine 121.8 g/mol Molecular Weight of ( + ) -tartaric acid 150.09 g/mol [ ? ] D ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine -40.4o  ± 0.2o Table 3: Multitudes, Moles, Optical Purity, and % Output Mass (  ± ) -?-phenylethylamine 9.40 g Gram molecules (  ± ) -?-phenylethylamine 0.0776 mol Gram molecules ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine 0.0388 mol Gram molecules of tartaric acid: 0.0388 mol Percentage Output of ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine- ( + ) -hydrogen tartrate 73.1 % Percentage Output of ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine 61.3 % Optical Purity 83.7 % Calculations: % Output of ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine- ( + ) -hydrogen tartrate: Mass (  ± ) -?-phenylethylamine Gram molecules (  ± ) -?-phenylethylamine m (  ± ) -?-phenylethylamine = denseness ten volume = 0.9395 g/mL X 10 milliliter = 9.40 g N (  ± ) -?-phenylethylamine = mass/molecular weight = 9.40 g/ 121.18 g/mol = 0.0776 mol Gram molecules ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine and tartaric acid: N ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine = 0.0776 mol/ 2 = 0.0388 mol *Racemic mixture so divided by 2* ( half of entire moles ) N ( + ) -tartaric acerb = N ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine = 0.0388 mol Theoretical Output of ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine- ( + ) -hydrogen tartrate: Actual Output of ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine- ( + ) -hydrogen tartrate: m ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine- ( + ) -hydrogen tartrate = n x M = 0.0388 mol X ( 121.18 g/mol + 150.09 g/mol ) = 10.5 g m ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine- ( + ) -hydrogen tartrate = Mass filter paper + initial crystal sample – Mass filter paper = 8.25 g – 0.58 g = 7.67 g Percentage Output of ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine- ( + ) -hydrogen tartrate: % Output = ( Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield ) X 100 % i? Actual ( what was obtained after experiment ) = ( 7.67 g / 10.5 g ) X 100 % i? Theoretical ( the mass that should hold been = 73.1 % obtained if all aminoalkane was extracted ) % Output of ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine: Theoretical Output of ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine Actual Output of ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine Since the initial mixture was racemic: m ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine = m (  ± ) -?-phenylethylamine / 2 = 9.40 g / 2 = 4.70 g m ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine = mflask w/ amine+ rocks -mflask w/ rocks = 39.75 g – 42. 63 g = 2.88 g Percentage Output of ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine % Output = ( Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield ) X 100 % i? Actual ( what was obtained after experiment ) = ( 2.88 g / 4.70 g ) X 100 % i? Theoretical ( the mass that should hold been = 61.3 % obtained if all aminoalkane was extracted Optical Purity of Sample: Theoretical Optical Purity: Actual Optical Purity: Optical Purity = -40.4o  ± 0.2o Specific Rotation ( [ ? ] D ) : =Optical Rotation [ ? ( observed ) ] / c * 1 = -31.8o / ( 1.0 diabetes mellitus x 0.94 g/mL ) = -33.8o Optical Purity: = ( Actual optical pureness obtained/ theoretical optical pureness ) X 100 % = -33.8o / -40.4o x 100 % = 83.7 % Discussion: When the ( + ) -tartaric acid was added to the racemic mixture, (  ± ) -?-phenylethylamine, ( – ) -amine- ( + ) -hydrogen tartrate, and ( + ) -amine- ( + ) -hydrogen tartrate salts were formed. The ( – ) -amine- ( + ) -hydrogen tartrate was much less soluble in methyl alcohol, and hence crystallized out of the solution ( Lab Manual, 2007 ) . This method of separation was proven to be rather successful, as the per centum output of this crystallisation was 73.1 % , which is comparatively high. The presence of drosss, every bit good as the inability to wholly crystallise the salt from methyl alcohol most probably attributed to any disagreements. It is besides possible that although the ( – ) ( + ) salt is less soluble than the other salts, it still has some kind of solubility, and hence crystallizes instead easy ( hence the compulsory 2 hebdomad waiting period, in our instance it was 4 hebdomads ) . As good, the other salts, despite their high solubility in methyl alcohol, may hold still crystallized really somewhat over the long waiting period, adding to drosss Addition of NaOH resulted in the formation of two distinguishable beds: a white, cloudy aqueous bed ( top ) , and a clear aminoalkane bed ( underside ) , and allowed for the isolation of ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine ( Lab Manual, 2007 ) . The add-on of 5 milliliter of H2O to the flask confirm that the top bed was the aqueous bed, since it increased comparative to the bottom bed and the H2O was absorbed here ( Lab Manual, 2007 ) . The aqueous bed consisted of the ( – ) -amine, along with Na tartrate, and H2O, while the aminoalkane bed included any drosss. The Na tartrate readily dissolved in H2O, while methylene chloride ( CH2Cl2 ) was added to fade out ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine ( boiling point ~ 186oC ) , since it had a lower boiling point ( 40oC ) , and could easy be removed through warming ( Synthesis and declaration of alpha-phenyethylamine. After a filtration procedure, including a series of extractions, there was per centum output of 61.3 % for the ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine, which is a lower output than the original 73.1 % , bespeaking that there was a loss of aminoalkane during the 2nd portion of the experimental process. The chief cause of this mistake was the inadvertent disposal of much of the aminoalkane bed, in which a little sum of ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine was still present. The presence of some drosss may hold besides affected consequences, nevertheless, they would hold alternatively increased the output and lead to deceptive consequences. Another possible cause of mistake is the little escape out of the glass stopper on the separatory funnel when the solution was shaken. There was a spot of solution that leaked out the underside or squirted out the top when let go ofing the force per unit area in the funnel. Subsequently, the mistake that well lowered the output of the merchandise greatly increa ses the optical pureness of the mixture. The ascertained rotary motion of the concluding sample was -31. 8o ( levorotatory, left manus rotary motion ) and the specific rotary motion was -33.8o compared with the empirical specific rotary motion of -40.4o  ± 0.2o ( Lab Manual, 2007 ) . The attendant optical pureness was 83.7 % , which is well high. Aside from the antecedently mentioned disposal of the organic bed, legion other mistakes, such as the presence of drosss may hold contributed to divergences in the optical pureness. The negative ( antagonistic clockwise ) rotary motion basically confirmed that the enantiomorph being isolated was the ( – ) -?-phenylethylamine, and the high optical pureness demonstrated that the extraction was accomplished with much success and considerable truth, since the concluding merchandise was chiefly ( – ) -amine, despite the comparatively low output.

The Landlady by Roald Dahl Essays

The Landlady by Roald Dahl Essays The Landlady by Roald Dahl Paper The Landlady by Roald Dahl Paper Essay Topic: Literature The story of The Landlady by Roald Dahl begins with a male character called Billy Weaver. Billy Weaver is a young, aspiring lad. He is only seventeen and has come from London to Bath to find a new exciting life as a worker in the Head Office. He looks for a place to stay and Bath and someone recommends the ‘Bull and Gate’, a pub with a mysterious old landlady†¦ Billy Weaver dreams of being like the workers at the Head Office, with their swift and brisk movements and high success in life, he has even attempted being brisk any movements that he does! The landlady is a mysterious character; she comes across as an old helpless woman who seems like she wouldn’t mind some company. She also owns the Bull and Gate, and enjoys stuffing dead ‘pets’, as she claims, â€Å"I stuff all my little pets myself when they pass away†. Roald Dahl builds up the atmosphere of the story by setting the scene in a normal way but slowly increasing the tension level. Nearer to the beginning of the middle of the story, Roald releases some of Billy’s thoughts about what he thinks about the Bull and Gate, â€Å"Beer and Darts in the evenings and lot’s of people to talk to†. By reading this quote we can see that Billy is social as he likes to meet and talk to new people and also have a round of friendly darts with someone. Roald makes the reader feel like Billy has been sort of, entrapped by a poster, â€Å"Each word was like a large black eye staring at him through the glass†, like it’s a supernatural force of some sort. The landlady also creates a lot of tension; she answers the door at once, â€Å"it must’ve been at once because he hadn’t even had time to take his finger off the doorbell! †, which is unusual as you normally leave about a minute before you answer a door. Also by explaining that she only had a few guests, that coincidently fitted Billy’s description, it shows that she is plotting something against him†¦ ‘The Landlady’ fits in the description of a short story almost perfectly! ‘The Landlady’ isn’t too complex and fits into a simple plot, in a short amount of space. The setting and main story and characters are introduced quite early on in the story so that readers aren’t left hanging and confused or even without a setting as the story doesn’t go on for all too long. It also has the compulsory beginning, middle and end and doesn’t have any prequels or sequels to it. I think that ‘The Landlady’ ties in with the links of a short story very well. I really enjoyed reading ‘The Landlady’ and also hoped for there to be a sequel so that we could find out about all of the gory bits of the story and where she placed Billy’s stuffed body! Although sequels do not tie in with the links of a short story so it wouldn’t have fit in properly. I really enjoyed the plot of the story and never would’ve guessed what the landlady would’ve done! Instead of ruining the surprise and telling you what this mysterious woman did, I’ll let you read The Landlady for yourselves. Enjoy!

Facebook Marketing Strategy Why You Need One How To Build It

Facebook Marketing Strategy Why You Need One How To Build It Facebook marketing has gotten exponentially more challenging now than it was in the early days. Organic reach is harder to come by, advertising has become more important, and old-school tips and tricks that once worked well may not anymore. Now, more than ever, having a clear strategy is crucial for success. You know that though. Thats why youre here, right? So, your next questions might include: Can you still do effective marketing on Facebook organically? How exactly should smart businesses approach crafting their strategy? What are current best practices to consider following (and to consider breaking)? Which tactics are worth experimenting with right now? Should you consider using tools to better manage your processes? This post will dive into each of these points (and more), showing you exactly how to map out a robust strategy that will help you make the most of Facebook. Facebook Marketing Strategy: How to Plan the Best One in 8 StepsWhat Are the Benefits Behind Planning a Proactive Strategy? research data shows that marketers who document strategy are 313% more likely to report being successful. If Facebook is a primary marketing channel for your company, that means proactive planning should be considered important to ensure the effectiveness of your efforts. Of course, that strategy needs to be thoughtful and on-point. Youll need to do some research and keep it flexible enough to adjust your tactics based on performance over time, but having a plan will put you ahead of the game. You can make documenting that strategy easier by downloading the templates and resources below. In it, youll find a ZIP folder that includes the following: Facebook Marketing Strategy Template (PPT): This template will make it easy to document your entire strategy from start to finish. Google Analytics Custom Reports: Use these links to set up custom reports in Google Analytics for measuring social media success in just a few clicks. Social Media Calendar: Plan every post and keep the execution of your strategy organized in one place. This post will show you exactly how to put it to use so you can get this entire task completed quickly and easily. Planning Your Facebook Strategy in 8 Steps Step 1: Establishing Goals Step 2: Conducting a Facebook Page Audit Step 3: Understanding Your Audience Step 4: Developing a Brand Voice for Facebook Step 5: Running a Competitive Analysis Step 6: Planning a Facebook Content Strategy Step 7: Setting a Facebook Posting Schedule Step 8: Measuring the Effectiveness of Your Strategy Step 1: Define Your Marketing Goals For Facebook Before you know what to do, you need to know why you are doing it. It's easier to succeed when you give yourself a target to aim at.  Here are some common business goals for Facebook brand pages: Drive referral traffic. It isn't as easy as it used to be, but you can still drive traffic from Facebook. Strengthen brand awareness. Odds are your target customer is active on Facebook. Make them know you exist. Build a relationship with your audience. Groups are a great way to build community and achieve this goal. Provide customer service. People expect to be able to reach businesses through their Facebook pages. Generate leads and conversions. Particularly through advertising. No matter what your goal might be, it's important to remember Facebook is a social platform that allows two-way communication with your customers and target audience. Treat it accordingly. Step 2: Audit Your Existing Facebook Presence Do you currently have a Facebook business page (even if you haven't done much with it strategy-wise)? If so, it's a good idea to review where your page's performance is currently standing. This can help identify opportunities for improvement.  Here are some simple things to check (they may seem basic, but lots of little details can collectively add up to a big difference for your brand perception). Is Your About Tab Complete? People discovering your company on Facebook need a way to get to know who you are. If your About tab isn't accurate or complete, though, they'll have a harder time understanding your business. Check out this example from Saucony: Here, you can see they've filled out the following sections: Mission. What are you all about? Contact Info. How can people get ahold of you? Website. Where can I find more about your business? About. Add a company bio here. Company Overview. What do you do? Products. What do you sell? This might include some things that aren't obvious to people. Categories. How is your page best understood? Our Story. This is an extended section to share more about your company. Which Types of Content Appear to Perform Best? Research data shows that video content performs best on Facebook. That's a broad and general truth, though. What's actually working best for you? Review your recent posts (consider going back 90 days or so) and the following questions: Which tone of voice works best? Humorous posts? Serious posts? Inspirational posts? Do successful image posts have anything in common? Certain colors? Subjects? Text vs. no text? Are videos performing well? And if so, what attributes do successful videos share? Are they short? Long? Funny? Serious? What about posts with links? Facebook has indicated a desire to keep people on Facebook, rather than sending traffic away. Is your link post performance reflecting this? This simple exercise can help you figure out what might work well in the future based on what's worked well in the past. You can also quickly see your top performing posts using the Insights tab on your Facebook business page and taking a quick scroll downward: Click See All Posts  to take a deeper dive into your post history: How Does Your Cover Photo Look? If your cover photo hasn't been updated in a while (which it may not have been if you haven't optimized your business page in a while), now might be a good time to consider updating it. One option is to create something simple, timeline, and on-brand like this example from Vans: Or, you can create one that's coordinated with a current campaign you're running, like this example from Hulu: It's a small thing, but it can make a difference toward putting your brand's best foot forward. Step 3: Know Your Facebook Audience It helps to know who you're talking to before starting a conversation. Knowing who your audience is on Facebook, however, can be a challenge. Fortunately, its own built-in analytics and other tools can make this task a bit easier. Understand the People Currently Interacting With Your Page Using Insights Facebook offers page owners with plenty of useful data (and at no charge). So, take full advantage of it. Step 1:  Visit your page (if you're the admin) and click Insights: Step 2:  Click on People. Here, you'll find a wealth of useful demographic information. Step 3: Review your demographic performance data on Facebook. Who's interacting with your content the most on Facebook? The answers are easy to find.Use Google Analytics to Analyze Facebook Referral Traffic Google Analytics won't break down your Facebook audience directly. However, it does provide valuable data about who is visiting your website. You want those folks following you on Facebook too, right? Knowing what they like will help achieve that goal. Step 1:  Log into Google Analytics and click on Audience.  Then, click Interests to find out what your website visitors are interested in. Step 2: Next, try finding information about the demographics of your website visitors. Step 3: Next, try clicking into Social. Then, click into the Overview tab to get more useful data. Step 4: You can find detailed data on which social networks (including Facebook) are sending referral traffic back to your site under Network Referrals: Step 5: Clicking into Landing Pages can help you see where Facebook is sending traffic on your site. This is helpful for understanding which content is performing best on the network. Spend some time seeing what you can learn about your audience here. Between Google Analytics and Facebook Insights, there's a lot you can extract. Recommended Reading: 49 Facebook Marketing Tips to Drive Better Results Right Now Use 's Facebook Report If you use 's Social Organizer to schedule your company's social media content, you can use its Facebook Report within the Analytics tab to find the following performance data: Impressions.  How many people saw your posts? Impression Rate By Post Type.  Which types of posts got the most attention? Number of Posts Sent. What does your overall post volume look like? Best Days to Post. Does your audience appear to be more active on some days rather than others? Best Times to Post. Same goes for times. When does your audience engage with your content the most? Best Post Types.  Stats show that video dominates Facebook. Is that the case for you, though? Engagement Rate.  How is your content performing based on engagement? Top Posts. Which specific posts have performed the best (and how might you recreate that success moving forward)? Using this data can help you understand your audience by understanding which content appears to resonate with them the most. Run A Survey This is perhaps the easiest way to know exactly what your audience wants. Sign up for Crowd Signal or Survey Monkey. Create a short list of simple questions asking your audience what they want to see on your Facebook page. Promote your survey on social media and your email newsletter. Analyze the results.Step 4: Develop Your Brand's Facebook Voice You now know who you're talking to. It's time to figure out how you'll talk to them. This means establishing your brand voice on Facebook. This doesn't have to be complicated. It just helps to understand how to make the voice of your brand work on social media. 1. Serious Are you  in an industry where a light-hearted or casual tone would be inappropriate? If so, memes, Millennial lingo, and other things you might typically see on Facebook probably won't be your bread and butter.   Fortunately, it is possible to be formal, professional, and interesting. For example, UNICEF creates compelling content that often carries immense emotional weight: It’s about time A special message from our Goodwill Ambassador, David Beckham on why early moments matter. #EarlyMomentsMatter Posted by UNICEF on Tuesday, June 4, 2019 2. Casual Let's say your brand is in a serious industry. How can you make your Facebook content entertaining and on-brand? Take a cue from Capital One: All Bracket buddies are good luck for #MarchMadness, but a bracket buddy as good as Charles Bark-ley 🠐 ¶ is #FanGoals. Posted by Capital One on Thursday, April 4, 2019 3. Humorous A little bit of light humor can go a long way. Don't worry if you're not the world's best comedian, either. Sometimes, a small amount of subtle humor (as long as it's relevant to your content and brand) can go a long way: "When it comes to Dad Jokes, this is the Nucleus Option." - Michael Buxton, the winning artist from our Dad Jokes design challenge! âš›ï ¸  https://bit.ly/2KclvMW Posted by Threadless on  Wednesday, May 29, 2019 Facebook Marketing Strategy Why You Need One How To Build It Facebook marketing has gotten exponentially more challenging now than it was in the early days. Organic reach is harder to come by, advertising has become more important, and old-school tips and tricks that once worked well may not anymore. Now, more than ever, having a clear strategy is crucial for success. You know that though. Thats why youre here, right? So, your next questions might include: Can you still do effective marketing on Facebook organically? How exactly should smart businesses approach crafting their strategy? What are current best practices to consider following (and to consider breaking)? Which tactics are worth experimenting with right now? Should you consider using tools to better manage your processes? This post will dive into each of these points (and more), showing you exactly how to map out a robust strategy that will help you make the most of Facebook. Facebook Marketing Strategy: How to Plan the Best One in 8 StepsWhat Are the Benefits Behind Planning a Proactive Strategy? research data shows that marketers who document strategy are 313% more likely to report being successful. If Facebook is a primary marketing channel for your company, that means proactive planning should be considered important to ensure the effectiveness of your efforts. Of course, that strategy needs to be thoughtful and on-point. Youll need to do some research and keep it flexible enough to adjust your tactics based on performance over time, but having a plan will put you ahead of the game. You can make documenting that strategy easier by downloading the templates and resources below. In it, youll find a ZIP folder that includes the following: Facebook Marketing Strategy Template (PPT): This template will make it easy to document your entire strategy from start to finish. Google Analytics Custom Reports: Use these links to set up custom reports in Google Analytics for measuring social media success in just a few clicks. Social Media Calendar: Plan every post and keep the execution of your strategy organized in one place. This post will show you exactly how to put it to use so you can get this entire task completed quickly and easily. Planning Your Facebook Strategy in 8 Steps Step 1: Establishing Goals Step 2: Conducting a Facebook Page Audit Step 3: Understanding Your Audience Step 4: Developing a Brand Voice for Facebook Step 5: Running a Competitive Analysis Step 6: Planning a Facebook Content Strategy Step 7: Setting a Facebook Posting Schedule Step 8: Measuring the Effectiveness of Your Strategy Step 1: Define Your Marketing Goals For Facebook Before you know what to do, you need to know why you are doing it. It's easier to succeed when you give yourself a target to aim at.  Here are some common business goals for Facebook brand pages: Drive referral traffic. It isn't as easy as it used to be, but you can still drive traffic from Facebook. Strengthen brand awareness. Odds are your target customer is active on Facebook. Make them know you exist. Build a relationship with your audience. Groups are a great way to build community and achieve this goal. Provide customer service. People expect to be able to reach businesses through their Facebook pages. Generate leads and conversions. Particularly through advertising. No matter what your goal might be, it's important to remember Facebook is a social platform that allows two-way communication with your customers and target audience. Treat it accordingly. Step 2: Audit Your Existing Facebook Presence Do you currently have a Facebook business page (even if you haven't done much with it strategy-wise)? If so, it's a good idea to review where your page's performance is currently standing. This can help identify opportunities for improvement.  Here are some simple things to check (they may seem basic, but lots of little details can collectively add up to a big difference for your brand perception). Is Your About Tab Complete? People discovering your company on Facebook need a way to get to know who you are. If your About tab isn't accurate or complete, though, they'll have a harder time understanding your business. Check out this example from Saucony: Here, you can see they've filled out the following sections: Mission. What are you all about? Contact Info. How can people get ahold of you? Website. Where can I find more about your business? About. Add a company bio here. Company Overview. What do you do? Products. What do you sell? This might include some things that aren't obvious to people. Categories. How is your page best understood? Our Story. This is an extended section to share more about your company. Which Types of Content Appear to Perform Best? Research data shows that video content performs best on Facebook. That's a broad and general truth, though. What's actually working best for you? Review your recent posts (consider going back 90 days or so) and the following questions: Which tone of voice works best? Humorous posts? Serious posts? Inspirational posts? Do successful image posts have anything in common? Certain colors? Subjects? Text vs. no text? Are videos performing well? And if so, what attributes do successful videos share? Are they short? Long? Funny? Serious? What about posts with links? Facebook has indicated a desire to keep people on Facebook, rather than sending traffic away. Is your link post performance reflecting this? This simple exercise can help you figure out what might work well in the future based on what's worked well in the past. You can also quickly see your top performing posts using the Insights tab on your Facebook business page and taking a quick scroll downward: Click See All Posts  to take a deeper dive into your post history: How Does Your Cover Photo Look? If your cover photo hasn't been updated in a while (which it may not have been if you haven't optimized your business page in a while), now might be a good time to consider updating it. One option is to create something simple, timeline, and on-brand like this example from Vans: Or, you can create one that's coordinated with a current campaign you're running, like this example from Hulu: It's a small thing, but it can make a difference toward putting your brand's best foot forward. Step 3: Know Your Facebook Audience It helps to know who you're talking to before starting a conversation. Knowing who your audience is on Facebook, however, can be a challenge. Fortunately, its own built-in analytics and other tools can make this task a bit easier. Understand the People Currently Interacting With Your Page Using Insights Facebook offers page owners with plenty of useful data (and at no charge). So, take full advantage of it. Step 1:  Visit your page (if you're the admin) and click Insights: Step 2:  Click on People. Here, you'll find a wealth of useful demographic information. Step 3: Review your demographic performance data on Facebook. Who's interacting with your content the most on Facebook? The answers are easy to find.Use Google Analytics to Analyze Facebook Referral Traffic Google Analytics won't break down your Facebook audience directly. However, it does provide valuable data about who is visiting your website. You want those folks following you on Facebook too, right? Knowing what they like will help achieve that goal. Step 1:  Log into Google Analytics and click on Audience.  Then, click Interests to find out what your website visitors are interested in. Step 2: Next, try finding information about the demographics of your website visitors. Step 3: Next, try clicking into Social. Then, click into the Overview tab to get more useful data. Step 4: You can find detailed data on which social networks (including Facebook) are sending referral traffic back to your site under Network Referrals: Step 5: Clicking into Landing Pages can help you see where Facebook is sending traffic on your site. This is helpful for understanding which content is performing best on the network. Spend some time seeing what you can learn about your audience here. Between Google Analytics and Facebook Insights, there's a lot you can extract. Recommended Reading: 49 Facebook Marketing Tips to Drive Better Results Right Now Use 's Facebook Report If you use 's Social Organizer to schedule your company's social media content, you can use its Facebook Report within the Analytics tab to find the following performance data: Impressions.  How many people saw your posts? Impression Rate By Post Type.  Which types of posts got the most attention? Number of Posts Sent. What does your overall post volume look like? Best Days to Post. Does your audience appear to be more active on some days rather than others? Best Times to Post. Same goes for times. When does your audience engage with your content the most? Best Post Types.  Stats show that video dominates Facebook. Is that the case for you, though? Engagement Rate.  How is your content performing based on engagement? Top Posts. Which specific posts have performed the best (and how might you recreate that success moving forward)? Using this data can help you understand your audience by understanding which content appears to resonate with them the most. Run A Survey This is perhaps the easiest way to know exactly what your audience wants. Sign up for Crowd Signal or Survey Monkey. Create a short list of simple questions asking your audience what they want to see on your Facebook page. Promote your survey on social media and your email newsletter. Analyze the results.Step 4: Develop Your Brand's Facebook Voice You now know who you're talking to. It's time to figure out how you'll talk to them. This means establishing your brand voice on Facebook. This doesn't have to be complicated. It just helps to understand how to make the voice of your brand work on social media. 1. Serious Are you  in an industry where a light-hearted or casual tone would be inappropriate? If so, memes, Millennial lingo, and other things you might typically see on Facebook probably won't be your bread and butter.   Fortunately, it is possible to be formal, professional, and interesting. For example, UNICEF creates compelling content that often carries immense emotional weight: It’s about time A special message from our Goodwill Ambassador, David Beckham on why early moments matter. #EarlyMomentsMatter Posted by UNICEF on Tuesday, June 4, 2019 2. Casual Let's say your brand is in a serious industry. How can you make your Facebook content entertaining and on-brand? Take a cue from Capital One: All Bracket buddies are good luck for #MarchMadness, but a bracket buddy as good as Charles Bark-ley 🠐 ¶ is #FanGoals. Posted by Capital One on Thursday, April 4, 2019 3. Humorous A little bit of light humor can go a long way. Don't worry if you're not the world's best comedian, either. Sometimes, a small amount of subtle humor (as long as it's relevant to your content and brand) can go a long way: "When it comes to Dad Jokes, this is the Nucleus Option." - Michael Buxton, the winning artist from our Dad Jokes design challenge! âš›ï ¸  https://bit.ly/2KclvMW Posted by Threadless on  Wednesday, May 29, 2019